HESI LPN
Pediatric Practice Exam HESI
1. During a vaccination drive at a well-child clinic, a nurse observes that a recently hired nurse is not wearing gloves. What should the nurse advise the newly hired nurse to do?
- A. Speak with the nurse manager regarding techniques.
- B. Put on gloves because standard precautions are required.
- C. Continue with the immunizations because gloves are not needed.
- D. Evaluate the child’s appearance to determine whether gloves are needed.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Put on gloves because standard precautions are required." Standard precautions are essential in healthcare settings to prevent the transmission of infections, and wearing gloves is a crucial part of these precautions during immunizations. Choice A is incorrect because speaking with the nurse manager about techniques does not address the immediate need for wearing gloves. Choice C is incorrect because gloves are indeed needed to prevent the spread of infections. Choice D is incorrect as evaluating the child's appearance is not a substitute for wearing gloves which are a basic infection control measure.
2. After a child returns from surgery for a tracheostomy, what is the priority nursing action?
- A. Suctioning the tracheostomy tube
- B. Changing the tracheostomy dressing
- C. Monitoring respiratory status
- D. Ensuring the tracheostomy ties are secure
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The priority nursing action after a tracheostomy surgery is to suction the tracheostomy tube. Suctioning helps maintain a clear airway and prevent complications such as airway obstruction or respiratory distress. While monitoring respiratory status is important, suctioning takes precedence immediately post-surgery to ensure adequate air exchange. Changing the tracheostomy dressing and ensuring tracheostomy ties are secure are also essential tasks but are secondary to the critical need for airway maintenance through suctioning.
3. The nurse is assessing the 'resilience' of a 16-year-old boy. Which exemplifies an external protective factor that may help to promote resiliency in this child?
- A. His ability to take control of his own decisions
- B. His ability to accept his own limitations
- C. His caring relationship with members of his family
- D. His knowledge of when to continue or stop with goal achievement
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A caring relationship with family members is an external protective factor that promotes resilience. It provides emotional support, stability, and a sense of belonging, which are crucial elements in building resilience. Choices A, B, and D are more related to internal factors and individual traits rather than external factors like family relationships, which play a significant role in promoting resilience. Taking control of decisions, accepting limitations, and knowing when to stop or continue with goals are internal factors that contribute to personal resilience but do not directly represent external protective factors like family relationships.
4. A child with a diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis is admitted to the hospital. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Monitoring for hypertension
- B. Providing pain relief
- C. Restricting fluid intake
- D. Encouraging fluid intake
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is monitoring for hypertension. Acute glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the kidney's glomeruli, potentially leading to impaired kidney function and elevated blood pressure. Monitoring for hypertension is crucial as it is a common complication of this condition. Providing pain relief (choice B) may be necessary for comfort but is not the priority. While fluid restriction (choice C) is important in some kidney conditions, in acute glomerulonephritis, maintaining adequate hydration to support kidney function is typically recommended. Encouraging fluid intake (choice D) may exacerbate fluid overload, making it an inappropriate intervention in this scenario.
5. When obtaining a health history from parents of a 4-month-old boy with congenital hypothyroidism, what would the nurse most likely assess?
- A. The child's growth is above normal for his age.
- B. The child is active and playful.
- C. The skin appears pink and healthy.
- D. It is difficult to keep the child awake.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In congenital hypothyroidism, infants often experience lethargy and difficulty staying awake due to low thyroid hormone levels. Choice A is incorrect as hypothyroidism can lead to poor growth in infants. Choice B is incorrect because hypothyroidism can cause decreased activity levels and lethargy rather than being active and playful. Choice C is incorrect as hypothyroidism can result in dry skin and poor skin tone, not necessarily pink and healthy-looking skin.
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