HESI LPN
Pediatric Practice Exam HESI
1. A 2-year-old child with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is being discharged. What dietary instructions should the nurse provide?
- A. Avoid spicy foods
- B. Avoid gluten
- C. Avoid high-fat foods
- D. Avoid dairy products
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Avoiding gluten is not typically necessary for managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children. The correct dietary instruction for a 2-year-old with GERD would be to avoid high-fat foods. High-fat foods can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to increased reflux symptoms. While spicy foods and dairy products may also trigger reflux in some individuals, the primary focus should be on avoiding high-fat foods due to their direct impact on the lower esophageal sphincter, which exacerbates GERD symptoms.
2. A 4-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of epiglottitis. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Administer antibiotics
- B. Provide humidified oxygen
- C. Keep the child NPO
- D. Position the child upright
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a 4-year-old child admitted with epiglottitis is to keep the child NPO (nothing by mouth). This is crucial to prevent further airway compromise due to the inflamed epiglottis. Administering antibiotics may be necessary but is not the priority at this moment. Providing humidified oxygen can support oxygenation but does not address the immediate risk of airway obstruction. Positioning the child upright may help with breathing but does not address the risk of aspiration. Keeping the child NPO is essential to maintain a patent airway and prevent complications associated with epiglottitis.
3. The nurse is assessing a child with a possible fracture. What would the nurse identify as the most reliable indicator?
- A. Lack of spontaneous movement
- B. Point tenderness
- C. Bruising
- D. Inability to bear weight
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Point tenderness is the most reliable indicator of a possible fracture in a child. It is a localized tenderness experienced when pressure is applied to a specific area, suggesting a potential fracture. This tenderness is considered more specific to a fracture than other symptoms such as lack of spontaneous movement, bruising, or inability to bear weight. Lack of spontaneous movement and inability to bear weight can be present in various musculoskeletal injuries, while bruising may not always be immediate or specific to a fracture.
4. A 4-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of epiglottitis. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Administer antibiotics
- B. Provide humidified oxygen
- C. Keep the child NPO
- D. Position the child upright
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a 4-year-old child admitted to the hospital with epiglottitis is to keep the child NPO (nothing by mouth). Epiglottitis is a serious condition that can lead to airway obstruction. Keeping the child NPO helps prevent further compromise of the airway and reduces the risk of aspiration. Administering antibiotics may be necessary but ensuring the airway is not compromised takes precedence. Providing humidified oxygen is important for respiratory support, but not the priority over maintaining a patent airway. Positioning the child upright can help with breathing and comfort, but it does not directly address the immediate risk of airway compromise associated with epiglottitis.
5. A 2-year-old child with a diagnosis of hemophilia is admitted to the hospital. What should the nurse include in the care plan?
- A. Encourage participation in contact sports
- B. Use a soft toothbrush for oral care
- C. Administer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- D. Administer aspirin for pain
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Using a soft toothbrush helps to prevent bleeding in a child with hemophilia.
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