HESI LPN
Pediatric Practice Exam HESI
1. A child with a diagnosis of leukemia is receiving chemotherapy. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Monitoring for signs of infection
- B. Providing nutritional support
- C. Monitoring for signs of bleeding
- D. Monitoring for signs of pain
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a child with leukemia receiving chemotherapy is monitoring for signs of infection. Chemotherapy can suppress the immune system, putting the child at a higher risk of developing infections. Early detection of signs of infection is crucial to prevent serious complications and initiate timely treatment. Providing nutritional support is important for overall health but is not the priority when the child is at risk of infection. Monitoring for signs of bleeding is essential, but infection surveillance takes precedence due to the immediate threat it poses to the child's health. Monitoring for signs of pain is important for comfort but is not the priority over infection prevention and management.
2. A parent of a 2-year-old child tells a nurse at the clinic, 'Whenever I go to the store, my child has a screaming tantrum, demanding a toy or candy on the shelves. How can I deal with this situation?' What is the nurse’s best response?
- A. “Attempt to distract the child by offering a toy.”
- B. “Say nothing and allow the tantrum to continue until it ends.”
- C. “Have a babysitter stay with the child at home until the child outgrows this behavior.”
- D. “Give the child the item while in the store, and when the child loses interest, return the item to the shelf.”
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The best approach in dealing with a child's tantrum is to not give in to their demands. By allowing the tantrum to continue until it ends, the child learns that this behavior is not effective in getting what they want. Offering a distraction (Choice A) might temporarily calm the child but does not address the underlying issue of the tantrum. Leaving the child with a babysitter (Choice C) does not teach the child how to handle such situations. Giving in to the child's demands (Choice D) reinforces the tantrum behavior.
3. A child has been admitted to the pediatric unit with a severe asthma attack. What type of acid-base imbalance should the nurse expect the child to develop?
- A. metabolic alkalosis due to insufficient production of acid metabolites
- B. respiratory alkalosis due to depressed respirations and retention of carbon dioxide
- C. respiratory acidosis due to impaired respirations and increased formation of carbonic acid
- D. metabolic acidosis due to the kidneys' inability to compensate for decreased carbonic acid formation
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In a severe asthma attack, the child is likely to develop respiratory acidosis. This occurs due to impaired respirations, leading to the retention of carbon dioxide and the formation of carbonic acid. Choice A is incorrect as metabolic alkalosis is not expected in this situation. Choice B is incorrect as respiratory alkalosis does not align with the scenario of impaired respirations in severe asthma attacks. Choice D is also incorrect as it describes metabolic acidosis, which is not typically associated with severe asthma attacks.
4. The nurse is teaching a parent group about the reasons for adhering to the immunization schedule. What complication of mumps is important for adolescents to avoid?
- A. Sterility
- B. Hypopituitarism
- C. Decrease in libido
- D. Decrease in androgens
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sterility. Mumps can lead to serious complications such as sterility, especially in adolescent males. Vaccination is essential to prevent this potential outcome. Hypopituitarism (Choice B) is not a typical complication of mumps. Choices C and D, decrease in libido and decrease in androgens, are not directly associated with mumps complications, particularly in the context of adolescents.
5. A newborn is admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with choanal atresia. Which part of the infant’s body should the nurse assess?
- A. Rectum
- B. Nasopharynx
- C. Intestinal tract
- D. Laryngopharynx
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Choanal atresia is a congenital condition characterized by the blockage of the nasal passages, specifically the choanae that connect the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx. The nurse should assess the nasopharynx to identify any obstruction, confirm the diagnosis, and assess the severity of the condition. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not pertain to choanal atresia. Choanal atresia specifically involves the nasal passages and nasopharynx, not the rectum, intestinal tract, or laryngopharynx.
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