HESI LPN
Pediatric Practice Exam HESI
1. A 4-year-old child is admitted with a diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Administering antipyretics
- B. Administering antibiotics
- C. Monitoring fluid intake
- D. Providing nutritional support
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a 4-year-old child admitted with bacterial pneumonia is administering antibiotics. Antibiotics are essential to treat the infection, prevent its spread, and avoid potential complications. Administering antipyretics (Choice A) may help reduce fever but does not address the underlying cause of pneumonia, which is bacterial in this case. Monitoring fluid intake (Choice C) is important to maintain hydration but does not directly treat the infection. Providing nutritional support (Choice D) is crucial for overall health, but the immediate priority is to address the bacterial infection with antibiotics to prevent further complications and promote recovery.
2. A parent receives a note from the school that a student in class has head lice. The parent calls the school nurse to ask how to check for head lice. What instructions should the nurse provide?
- A. Ask the child where it itches.
- B. Check to see if your dog has ear mites.
- C. Look along the scalp line for white dots.
- D. Observe between the fingers for red lines.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to look along the scalp line for white dots (nits) when checking for head lice. White dots/nits are the eggs of head lice and are commonly found attached to the hair shaft near the scalp. This method helps identify if head lice are present. Choice A is incorrect as itching alone may not be a definitive sign of head lice; it could be due to other reasons. Choice B is irrelevant as ear mites in dogs are not related to head lice infestation in humans. Choice D is also incorrect as observing between the fingers for red lines is not a method for checking head lice.
3. A child with diabetes insipidus is being treated with vasopressin. The nurse would assess the child closely for signs and symptoms of which condition?
- A. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
- B. Thyroid storm
- C. Cushing syndrome
- D. Vitamin D toxicity
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When a child with diabetes insipidus is treated with vasopressin, the nurse should closely monitor for signs and symptoms of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH). Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone, helps retain water in the body. Excessive vasopressin administration can lead to water retention, dilutional hyponatremia, and potentially result in SIADH. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are not directly associated with the use of vasopressin in treating diabetes insipidus.
4. A newborn with an anorectal anomaly had an anoplasty performed. At the 2-week follow-up visit, a series of anal dilations are begun. What should the nurse recommend to the parents to help prevent the infant from becoming constipated?
- A. Use a soy formula.
- B. Breastfeed if possible.
- C. Administer a suppository nightly.
- D. Offer glucose water between feedings.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Breastfeeding is the best recommendation to help prevent constipation in infants. Breast milk is easily digestible and contains the right balance of nutrients, which can lead to softer stools, thus reducing the likelihood of constipation. Offering a soy formula (Choice A) may not necessarily prevent constipation as effectively as breast milk due to differences in nutrient composition. Administering a suppository nightly (Choice C) is not a routine measure for preventing constipation in infants and may not be suitable for regular use in this scenario. Offering glucose water (Choice D) between feedings is not recommended as it does not provide the necessary nutrients found in breast milk, which are essential for preventing constipation and promoting overall health in newborns.
5. The healthcare provider is assessing the 'resilience' of a 16-year-old boy. Which exemplifies an external protective factor that may help promote resilience in this child?
- A. His ability to take control of his own decisions
- B. His ability to accept his own limitations
- C. His caring relationship with members of his family
- D. His knowledge of when to continue or stop with goal achievement
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A caring relationship with family members is an external protective factor that promotes resilience in individuals, especially in adolescents. This support system provides a sense of security, stability, and emotional connection, which can help the teenager navigate challenges and setbacks. Choices A, B, and D allude to internal factors related to personal decision-making, self-awareness, and goal management, which are important but do not directly represent external protective factors involving external relationships or resources.
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