HESI LPN
Pediatric Practice Exam HESI
1. The nurse is admitting a newborn with hypospadias to the nursery. The nurse expects which finding in this newborn?
- A. absence of a urethral opening
- B. penis appears shorter than usual for age
- C. the urethral opening is along the dorsal surface of the penis
- D. the urethral opening is along the ventral surface of the penis
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the urethral opening is located along the ventral surface of the penis, not the dorsal surface (Choice C) or absent (Choice A). This leads to the characteristic appearance of a ventrally displaced urethral meatus. The penis may appear normal in size but with the urethral opening positioned abnormally (Choice D), rather than being shorter than usual (Choice B). Therefore, the correct expectation for a newborn with hypospadias is that the urethral opening is along the ventral surface of the penis, making Choice D the correct answer.
2. A 3-month-old infant has been hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). What is the priority intervention?
- A. Administering an antiviral agent
- B. Clustering care to conserve energy
- C. Offering oral fluids to promote hydration
- D. Providing an antitussive agent when necessary
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The priority intervention for a 3-month-old infant hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is to cluster care to conserve energy. Infants with RSV often have difficulty breathing and need to rest frequently. Clustering care involves grouping nursing interventions to allow for longer periods of rest between activities, which helps prevent exhaustion and conserve the infant's energy. Administering an antiviral agent is not the primary intervention for RSV, as it is a viral infection and antiviral agents are not typically used for RSV. Offering oral fluids is important for hydration but may not be the priority when the infant is struggling to breathe. Providing an antitussive agent should be done judiciously and under medical guidance, as suppressing the cough reflex can be detrimental in RSV cases where coughing helps clear airway secretions.
3. What is the most appropriate method to feed an infant born with a unilateral cleft lip and palate?
- A. Plastic spoon
- B. Cross-cut nipple
- C. Parenteral infusion
- D. Rubber-tipped syringe
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A cross-cut nipple is the most appropriate method to feed an infant born with a unilateral cleft lip and palate. Using a cross-cut nipple allows for easier feeding by modifying the flow of milk, which helps in reducing the risk of aspiration in infants with this condition. Plastic spoon, parenteral infusion, and rubber-tipped syringe are not suitable for feeding infants with cleft lip and palate. Feeding an infant with a cleft lip and palate requires special considerations to ensure safe and effective nutrition delivery.
4. A parent asks a nurse how to tell the difference between measles (rubeola) and German measles (rubella). What should the nurse tell the parent about rubeola that is different from rubella?
- A. High fever and Koplik spots
- B. Rash on the trunk with pruritus
- C. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps
- D. Characteristics of a cold, followed by a rash
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Rubeola (measles) is characterized by a high fever and the presence of Koplik spots, which are not seen in rubella (German measles). Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choice B, rash on the trunk with pruritus, is more indicative of rubella rather than rubeola. Choice C, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps, are not specific differentiating symptoms between rubeola and rubella. Choice D, characteristics of a cold followed by a rash, does not specifically distinguish between rubeola and rubella.
5. The nurse is assessing the 'resilience' of a 16-year-old boy. Which exemplifies an external protective factor that may help to promote resiliency in this child?
- A. His ability to take control of his own decisions
- B. His ability to accept his own limitations
- C. His caring relationship with members of his family
- D. His knowledge of when to continue or stop with goal achievement
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A caring relationship with family members is an external protective factor that promotes resilience. It provides emotional support, stability, and a sense of belonging, which are crucial elements in building resilience. Choices A, B, and D are more related to internal factors and individual traits rather than external factors like family relationships, which play a significant role in promoting resilience. Taking control of decisions, accepting limitations, and knowing when to stop or continue with goals are internal factors that contribute to personal resilience but do not directly represent external protective factors like family relationships.
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