HESI LPN
Pediatric Practice Exam HESI
1. A child with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is being discharged from the hospital. What is important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Monitor blood glucose levels daily
- B. Administer insulin based on blood glucose levels
- C. Recognize signs of hypoglycemia
- D. Follow a structured meal plan
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Following a structured meal plan is essential for managing diabetes mellitus. It helps regulate blood glucose levels and ensures proper nutrition. Monitoring blood glucose levels daily is important, not just once a day, to maintain control. Administering insulin based on blood glucose levels is crucial but should be done as per the healthcare provider's instructions, not only when blood glucose is high. Recognizing signs of hypoglycemia is important, but it is equally vital to prevent hypoglycemia by adhering to a consistent meal plan and insulin regimen.
2. Which of the following signs or symptoms is more common in children than adults following head trauma?
- A. nausea and vomiting
- B. altered mental status
- C. tachycardia and diaphoresis
- D. changes in pupillary reaction
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Nausea and vomiting are more common in children following head trauma due to their higher risk of increased intracranial pressure. Children have less skull compliance and higher brain water content, making them more susceptible to developing symptoms like nausea and vomiting. Altered mental status (choice B) can occur in both children and adults but is not more common in children. Tachycardia and diaphoresis (choice C) are nonspecific and can occur in both age groups. Changes in pupillary reaction (choice D) are not typically more common in children following head trauma compared to adults.
3. A nurse on the pediatric unit is observing the developmental skills of several 2-year-old children in the playroom. Which child should the nurse continue to evaluate?
- A. Cannot stand on one foot
- B. Builds a tower of 7 blocks
- C. Uses echolalia when speaking
- D. Colors outside the lines of a picture
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Using echolalia, which is the repetition of words or phrases, is not typical for a 2-year-old child and may indicate the need for further evaluation. Choices A, B, and D are all within the expected developmental skills for a 2-year-old. While most 2-year-olds may not be able to stand on one foot, it is not a cause for concern at this age. Building a tower of 7 blocks and coloring outside the lines of a picture are both appropriate for a 2-year-old's developmental skills.
4. A child with a diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis is admitted to the hospital. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Monitoring for hypertension
- B. Providing pain relief
- C. Restricting fluid intake
- D. Encouraging fluid intake
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is monitoring for hypertension. Acute glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the kidney's glomeruli, potentially leading to impaired kidney function and elevated blood pressure. Monitoring for hypertension is crucial as it is a common complication of this condition. Providing pain relief (choice B) may be necessary for comfort but is not the priority. While fluid restriction (choice C) is important in some kidney conditions, in acute glomerulonephritis, maintaining adequate hydration to support kidney function is typically recommended. Encouraging fluid intake (choice D) may exacerbate fluid overload, making it an inappropriate intervention in this scenario.
5. When a mother confides in the nurse that she is contemplating divorce, which suggestion by the nurse would help minimize the effects on the child?
- A. Tell the child together using appropriate terms.
- B. Reassure the child that no one loves him more than his parents.
- C. Engage in special activities with the child to compensate for the divorce.
- D. Discuss your feelings with the child.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. It is essential for both parents to inform the child about the divorce together, using age-appropriate language. This approach can help minimize the negative impact on the child by providing a sense of unity and understanding. Choice B is incorrect because offering false reassurance about love may not address the child's concerns effectively, as the situation is complex. Choice C is not suitable as engaging in special activities cannot substitute for the emotional stability that the child may lose due to the divorce. Choice D is incorrect because sharing the parent's feelings may burden the child with adult emotions, which could be overwhelming and confusing for their developmental stage.
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