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HESI Focus on Maternity Exam
1. Chromosomes contain thousands of segments called:
- A. nuclei.
- B. nodes.
- C. capillaries.
- D. genes.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Chromosomes are structures composed of DNA and genes. Genes are the functional segments within chromosomes that encode specific traits and characteristics. The other choices ('nuclei,' 'nodes,' 'capillaries') do not accurately describe the segments found within chromosomes and are unrelated to their structure or function.
2. Most victims of _____ die of respiratory infections in their 20s.
- A. Tay-Sachs disease
- B. cystic fibrosis
- C. Turner syndrome
- D. Klinefelter syndrome
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Individuals with cystic fibrosis have a genetic disorder that causes mucus to be thick and sticky, leading to blockages in the lungs and digestive system. This mucus buildup makes them more susceptible to severe respiratory infections, which can ultimately result in premature death in their 20s. Tay-Sachs disease (Choice A) is a genetic disorder that affects the nervous system, not typically causing respiratory infections. Turner syndrome (Choice C) and Klinefelter syndrome (Choice D) are chromosomal disorders that do not directly lead to the respiratory issues observed in cystic fibrosis.
3. What is the highest priority nursing intervention when admitting a pregnant woman who has experienced a bleeding episode in late pregnancy?
- A. Assessing FHR and maternal vital signs.
- B. Performing a venipuncture for hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.
- C. Placing clean disposable pads to collect any drainage.
- D. Monitoring uterine contractions.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The highest priority nursing intervention when admitting a pregnant woman who has experienced a bleeding episode in late pregnancy is to assess the fetal heart rate (FHR) and maternal vital signs. This assessment is crucial in determining the extent of blood loss and its impact on both the mother and the fetus. Ensuring the well-being of both the mother and the fetus is the top priority in this situation. While obtaining hemoglobin and hematocrit levels is important, it can be done after the initial assessment. Placing clean disposable pads is necessary for managing any drainage but does not take precedence over assessing vital signs. Monitoring uterine contractions is important but is not the highest priority when compared to assessing the FHR and maternal vital signs.
4. Females with Turner syndrome:
- A. possess more thymine than cytosine.
- B. are taller than average.
- C. produce little estrogen.
- D. are more likely to give birth to twins.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder in females characterized by short stature and underdeveloped ovaries, resulting in low estrogen production. This leads to symptoms such as delayed puberty and infertility. Choice A is incorrect because the chromosomal abnormality in Turner syndrome does not affect the thymine-cytosine ratio. Choice B is incorrect as females with Turner syndrome are typically shorter than average. Choice D is incorrect as Turner syndrome does not increase the likelihood of giving birth to twins.
5. Which of the following statements is true of a sperm cell?
- A. A sperm cell is significantly larger than an egg cell.
- B. A sperm cell contains two Y chromosomes.
- C. A sperm cell travels randomly inside a woman’s reproductive tract.
- D. A sperm cell is one of the smallest types of cells in the body.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. A sperm cell is indeed one of the smallest cells in the human body, much smaller than an egg cell. Choice A is incorrect as sperm cells are much smaller than egg cells. Choice B is incorrect because a sperm cell carries either an X or a Y chromosome, not two Y chromosomes. Choice C is incorrect since sperm cells move in a purposeful manner guided by various factors within a woman's reproductive tract, not randomly.
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