HESI LPN
LPN Nutrition Practice Test
1. What is a primary goal of managing diabetes mellitus in children?
- A. Promote weight maintenance
- B. Prevent episodes of hypoglycemia
- C. Ensure normal growth and development
- D. Optimize blood sugar control
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of managing diabetes mellitus in children is to ensure normal growth and development. This involves maintaining stable blood glucose levels to prevent complications. Option A is incorrect because promoting weight gain is not a primary goal in managing diabetes; rather, the aim is to maintain a healthy weight. Option B is not the primary goal; although it is important to prevent episodes of hypoglycemia, the main focus is on overall management. Option D is incorrect as optimizing blood sugar control is a means to achieve the primary goal, which is ensuring normal growth and development.
2. What is the most common initial symptom of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
- A. Joint swelling and pain
- B. Skin rash
- C. Gastrointestinal bleeding
- D. Neurological deficits
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Joint swelling and pain. These are the most common initial symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, typically affecting multiple joints. Skin rash (choice B), gastrointestinal bleeding (choice C), and neurological deficits (choice D) are not typical initial symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Skin rash may be seen in other conditions like dermatitis or systemic lupus erythematosus, gastrointestinal bleeding may be associated with conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, and neurological deficits could be indicative of conditions like multiple sclerosis.
3. When an increase in exercise is accompanied by a decrease in body weight, it is an example of what?
- A. variable effect
- B. positive correlation
- C. negative correlation
- D. randomization effect
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When an increase in exercise is accompanied by a decrease in body weight, it demonstrates a negative correlation. This means that as one variable (exercise) increases, the other variable (body weight) decreases. Choice A, 'variable effect,' is vague and does not accurately describe the relationship between exercise and body weight. Choice B, 'positive correlation,' is incorrect because in a positive correlation, both variables would increase or decrease together. Choice D, 'randomization effect,' is unrelated to the scenario described.
4. How is gastroesophageal reflux (GER) typically treated in infants?
- A. Keeping the infant NPO
- B. Thickening the formula or breast milk with cereal
- C. Placing the infant to sleep on the side
- D. Switching the infant to cow's milk
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Thickening the formula or breast milk with cereal is a common treatment for gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants. By adding cereal, the feedings become heavier, making it less likely for the stomach contents to reflux. Keeping the infant NPO (nothing by mouth) is not typically necessary for GER treatment and might not be appropriate. Placing the infant to sleep on the side is not recommended due to the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Switching the infant to cow's milk is also not a recommended treatment for GER as it can exacerbate symptoms due to its protein content.
5. How should a healthcare provider respond to a parent concerned about their child's recurrent ear infections?
- A. Suggest regular use of over-the-counter ear drops
- B. Recommend a thorough evaluation by an ENT specialist
- C. Advise on increased antibiotic use
- D. Encourage avoiding all physical activities
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a parent expresses concerns about their child's recurrent ear infections, the best course of action is to recommend a thorough evaluation by an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist. This specialist can conduct a comprehensive assessment to identify the underlying cause of the ear infections and provide appropriate treatment options. Choice A is incorrect because suggesting over-the-counter ear drops without a proper evaluation may not address the root cause of the issue. Choice C is also incorrect as increasing antibiotic use without understanding the specific cause can lead to antibiotic resistance and may not be necessary. Choice D is incorrect as avoiding physical activities is unrelated to addressing recurrent ear infections and is not a recommended approach.
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