HESI LPN
LPN Nutrition Practice Test
1. What type of nutrient is needed by the body and must be supplied by foods?
- A. nutraceutical
- B. metabolic nutrient
- C. organic nutrient
- D. essential nutrient
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, essential nutrient. Essential nutrients are substances that the body needs for normal functioning but cannot produce in sufficient amounts, so they must be obtained through the diet. Nutraceuticals (choice A) are products derived from food sources that are purported to provide extra health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Metabolic nutrients (choice B) and organic nutrients (choice C) are not standard terms used to describe nutrients needed by the body. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.
2. Food energy is commonly expressed in kilocalories and in what other unit?
- A. kilojoules
- B. kilograms
- C. kilometers
- D. kilonewtons
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Food energy is commonly expressed in kilocalories and kilojoules. Kilocalories and kilojoules are both units of energy commonly used to measure the energy content of food. Kilograms, kilometers, and kilonewtons are units of mass, distance, and force, respectively, and are not used to express food energy.
3. What is the result of the metabolism of energy nutrients?
- A. Energy is released.
- B. Body fat increases.
- C. Energy is destroyed.
- D. Body water decreases.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Energy is released during the metabolism of energy nutrients. This released energy is utilized by the body for various functions. Choice B is incorrect because the metabolism of energy nutrients does not directly result in an increase in body fat. Choice C is incorrect as energy is not destroyed but rather transformed and utilized by the body. Choice D is incorrect as the metabolism of energy nutrients does not lead to a decrease in body water.
4. How should the nurse manage a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who is receiving chemotherapy?
- A. Avoid all physical activity
- B. Ensure strict infection control measures
- C. Increase daily caloric intake
- D. Limit fluid intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ensure strict infection control measures. Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who are undergoing chemotherapy have compromised immune systems, making them highly susceptible to infections. Implementing strict infection control measures, such as hand hygiene, limiting exposure to sick individuals, and maintaining a clean environment, is essential to prevent infections. Choice A is incorrect because avoiding all physical activity may not be necessary as long as the child's activity level is appropriate. Choice C is incorrect because increasing daily caloric intake is important to support the child's nutritional needs during treatment. Choice D is incorrect because limiting fluid intake is not typically recommended unless specifically advised by the healthcare provider.
5. A child develops a strong dislike of noodle soup after consuming a bowl while sick with the flu. Her reaction is an example of a food-related ___.
- A. habit
- B. social interaction
- C. emotional turmoil
- D. negative association
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'negative association.' A negative association occurs when a person develops a dislike for a food due to a past negative experience, such as getting sick after eating it. In this case, the child's dislike of noodle soup is specifically linked to the negative experience of consuming it while sick with the flu. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the situation described does not relate to habit formation, social interactions, or emotional turmoil, but rather to a learned aversion based on a specific negative event.
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