HESI LPN
LPN Nutrition Practice Test
1. How should a healthcare professional handle a child with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes?
- A. Focus on increasing physical activity and dietary management
- B. Initiate insulin therapy immediately
- C. Limit all carbohydrate intake
- D. Recommend frequent fasting
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In managing type 2 diabetes in a child, focusing on increasing physical activity and dietary management is crucial, especially in the initial treatment phase. This approach helps improve insulin sensitivity and overall glycemic control. Initiating insulin therapy immediately is not the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes in children. Limiting all carbohydrate intake is not advisable as carbohydrates are essential for providing energy and nutrients. Recommending frequent fasting can be harmful and is not a recommended strategy for managing type 2 diabetes in children.
2. What is the primary purpose of a placebo in an experiment?
- A. To reduce the cost of the experiment.
- B. To make the experiment double-blind.
- C. To increase the number of participants.
- D. To serve as a control for comparison with the treatment group.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. A placebo serves as a control for comparison with the treatment group, helping to eliminate bias and ensure the results are due to the treatment itself. Placebos are crucial in research to distinguish the actual effect of the treatment from psychological or subjective factors. Choice A is incorrect because the purpose of a placebo is not related to reducing the cost of the experiment. Choice B is incorrect because while placebos are used in double-blind studies, their primary purpose is not to make the experiment double-blind. Choice C is incorrect because the purpose of a placebo is not to increase the number of participants but rather to serve as a comparison group for the treatment being tested.
3. An essential nutrient is one that ___
- A. must be made in large quantities by the body
- B. can only be synthesized by the body
- C. cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body
- D. is used to synthesize other compounds in the body
Correct answer: C
Rationale: An essential nutrient is a substance that cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body itself, so it must be obtained from the diet. Choice A is incorrect because essential nutrients are required in specific amounts, not necessarily large quantities. Choice B is incorrect as essential nutrients cannot be synthesized by the body at all. Choice D is incorrect because although essential nutrients may be used in the synthesis of other compounds, that is not the defining characteristic of an essential nutrient.
4. What is the main purpose of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)?
- A. To provide guidelines for nutrient intakes that meet the needs of most healthy people.
- B. To specify the minimum amount of nutrients required for survival.
- C. To establish maximum safe levels of nutrient intakes.
- D. To recommend specific nutrient intake levels to prevent chronic diseases.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The main purpose of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) is to provide guidelines for nutrient intakes that meet the needs of most healthy people. Choice B is incorrect because RDAs aim beyond just survival requirements. Choice C is incorrect because establishing maximum safe levels is the role of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Choice D is incorrect because preventing chronic diseases is more associated with Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) like Adequate Intakes (AIs) and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Therefore, the correct answer is A.
5. How should a caregiver manage a child with a new diagnosis of sickle cell anemia?
- A. Ensure the child receives frequent blood transfusions
- B. Promote adequate hydration and pain management
- C. Restrict physical activity
- D. Administer high doses of vitamin C
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Promoting adequate hydration and pain management is crucial for managing sickle cell anemia to prevent crises and complications. Adequate hydration helps prevent sickling of red blood cells, while effective pain management is essential for addressing the frequent pain episodes associated with the condition. Ensuring the child receives frequent blood transfusions is not the initial management for sickle cell anemia; transfusions are usually reserved for specific complications. Restricting physical activity should be individualized based on the child's condition; some physical activity is beneficial for overall health. Administering high doses of vitamin C is not a standard treatment for sickle cell anemia and does not address the underlying pathology of the disease.
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