HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI 2023
1. Which observation made of the exposed abdomen is most indicative of pyloric stenosis?
- A. abdominal rigidity
- B. substernal retraction
- C. palpable olive-like mass
- D. marked distention of lower abdomen
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: palpable olive-like mass. In pyloric stenosis, a palpable olive-like mass can often be felt in the abdomen due to the hypertrophied pyloric muscle. This mass is a key characteristic finding in infants with pyloric stenosis. Choice A, abdominal rigidity, is more commonly associated with conditions like peritonitis. Choice B, substernal retraction, is not typically seen in pyloric stenosis but can be a sign of respiratory distress. Choice D, marked distention of the lower abdomen, is not specific to pyloric stenosis and can be present in various abdominal conditions.
2. A nurse is planning an initial home care visit to a mother who gave birth to a high-risk infant. For what time of day should the nurse schedule the visit for it to be most productive?
- A. When the husband is out of the home.
- B. At a time when the mother is feeding the infant.
- C. At a time that is convenient for the family.
- D. When the nurse can spend time with the family.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Scheduling the visit at a time that is convenient for the family is the most appropriate choice. This ensures that the family is receptive and available, making the visit more productive. Choice A is incorrect because the presence of the husband may be important for support and decision-making. Choice B focuses solely on the mother and the infant's feeding time, which may not align with the family's overall availability. Choice D is incorrect as it emphasizes the nurse's convenience rather than the family's, which may not lead to an effective visit.
3. A child with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is being discharged. What dietary instructions should the nurse provide?
- A. Avoid spicy foods
- B. Avoid gluten
- C. Avoid high-fat foods
- D. Avoid dairy products
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct dietary instruction for a child with GERD is to avoid high-fat foods. High-fat foods can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to increased reflux. While avoiding gluten may be necessary for individuals with gluten sensitivity or celiac disease, it is not a standard recommendation for GERD. Avoiding spicy foods and dairy products may help some individuals with GERD, but the most crucial dietary advice is to avoid high-fat foods.
4. A child with a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome is being discharged. What dietary instructions should the nurse provide?
- A. Encourage a high-protein diet
- B. Avoid foods high in salt
- C. Encourage a low-sodium diet
- D. Encourage a low-protein diet
Correct answer: B
Rationale: For a child with nephrotic syndrome, it is crucial to avoid foods high in salt to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Excessive salt intake can lead to fluid retention and exacerbate edema, which are common issues in nephrotic syndrome. Encouraging a high-protein diet (Choice A) may put additional strain on the kidneys and worsen the condition. While protein restriction is sometimes needed, it is not the primary dietary concern in nephrotic syndrome. Similarly, a low-protein diet (Choice D) is not typically recommended as it may lead to malnutrition in children. Although a low-sodium diet (Choice C) may sound similar to avoiding foods high in salt, the emphasis should be on reducing salt intake specifically, rather than a generalized low-sodium approach.
5. An infant who had cardiac surgery for a congenital defect is to be discharged. What should the nurse emphasize to the parents regarding administering the prescribed antibiotic?
- A. Give the antibiotic between feedings.
- B. Ensure that the antibiotic is administered as prescribed.
- C. Shake the bottle thoroughly before administering the antibiotic.
- D. Keep the antibiotic in the refrigerator after opening the bottle.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Ensure that the antibiotic is administered as prescribed.' It's crucial to stress the importance of following the prescribed antibiotic regimen to prevent infections and promote proper healing after cardiac surgery. Choice A is incorrect because it does not address the fundamental aspect of adherence to the prescription. Choice C is incorrect as shaking the bottle may not be necessary for all antibiotics and is not a critical instruction in this context. Choice D is incorrect as storage instructions are not directly related to the administration of the antibiotic as prescribed, which is the primary concern in this scenario.
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