HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI 2023
1. A child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is being discharged from the hospital. What is important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Monitor blood glucose levels once a day
- B. Follow a strict meal plan
- C. Administer insulin only when blood glucose is high
- D. Recognize signs of hypoglycemia
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Recognizing signs of hypoglycemia is essential for managing type 1 diabetes mellitus. Hypoglycemia, which occurs when blood glucose levels drop too low, can be dangerous and requires immediate intervention to prevent severe complications. Monitoring blood glucose levels more frequently than once a day, following a strict meal plan, and administering insulin only when blood glucose is high are important aspects of diabetes management but recognizing signs of hypoglycemia is crucial as it enables prompt action to prevent adverse outcomes.
2. Which treatment is instituted for the therapeutic management of minimal change nephrotic syndrome?
- A. corticosteroids
- B. antihypertensive agents
- C. long-term diuretics
- D. increased fluids to promote diuresis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for minimal change nephrotic syndrome as they help reduce inflammation and decrease proteinuria. Antihypertensive agents are used to manage high blood pressure often associated with kidney disease but are not the primary treatment for this condition. Long-term diuretics are not typically used in the management of minimal change nephrotic syndrome as they can worsen fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Increasing fluids to promote diuresis is not recommended in this condition as it can lead to further fluid retention and edema.
3. A child is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. What is the priority need that must be included in the nursing plan of care for this child?
- A. Rest
- B. Exercise
- C. Nutrition
- D. Elimination
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Rest. When a child is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia, the priority need in the nursing plan of care is to ensure adequate rest. Rest is crucial as it allows the child's body to fight the infection and recover. Choice B, Exercise, would not be appropriate as the child needs rest to conserve energy and promote healing. Choice C, Nutrition, is important for overall health but may not be the immediate priority when the child is acutely ill with pneumonia. Choice D, Elimination, is important but is not the priority need in this scenario compared to ensuring rest to aid recovery from pneumonia.
4. A parent brings an 18-month-old toddler to the clinic. The parent states, 'My child is so difficult to please, has temper tantrums, and annoys me by throwing food from the table.' What is the nurse’s best response?
- A. “Toddlers need discipline to prevent the development of antisocial behaviors.”
- B. “Toddlers are learning to assert independence, and this behavior is expected at this age.”
- C. “It is best to leave the toddler alone in the crib after calmly explaining why the behavior is unacceptable.”
- D. “This is the way a toddler expresses needs, and this behavior is acceptable during the initiative stage of development.”
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Toddlers are learning to assert independence, and this behavior is expected at this age.' At 18 months old, toddlers are in the stage of developing autonomy and testing boundaries. It is normal for them to exhibit behaviors such as temper tantrums and defiance as they explore their independence. Choice A is incorrect as discipline at this age is more about setting limits and providing guidance rather than preventing antisocial behaviors. Choice C is inappropriate as leaving a toddler alone in a crib after explaining unacceptable behavior is not a recommended approach for managing toddler behavior. Choice D is incorrect as the described behavior is typical of toddlers asserting independence, not related to the initiative stage of development. The best response involves acknowledging the child's developmental stage and understanding that these behaviors are part of their normal growth and development.
5. The mother of a 5-year-old child with eczema is getting a check-up for her child before school starts. What will the nurse do during the visit?
- A. Change the bandage on a cut on the child’s hand.
- B. Assess the compliance with treatment regimens.
- C. Discuss systemic corticosteroid therapy.
- D. Assess the child’s fluid volume.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: During a check-up for a child with eczema, assessing compliance with treatment regimens is a key nursing intervention. This helps ensure that the child is following the prescribed treatment plan effectively, which is crucial in managing eczema and preventing flare-ups. Changing a bandage on a cut is not directly related to managing eczema. Discussing systemic corticosteroid therapy may be part of the visit, but assessing compliance is more immediate and essential. Assessing the child’s fluid volume is important for overall health assessment but not specifically related to managing eczema.
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