HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI 2023
1. An order is written for an isotonic enema for a 2-year-old child. What is the maximum amount of fluid the nurse should administer without a specific order from the healthcare provider?
- A. 100 to 150 mL
- B. 155 to 250 mL
- C. 255 to 360 mL
- D. 365 to 500 mL
Correct answer: B
Rationale: For a 2-year-old child, the maximum recommended amount of fluid for an isotonic enema is between 155 to 250 mL. This range is considered safe to prevent overdistension and potential harm to the child's rectum. Choices A, C, and D exceed the safe range for a 2-year-old child and can lead to complications such as bowel perforation or electrolyte imbalances.
2. What behavior does the nurse anticipate when feeding a newborn with choanal atresia?
- A. Chokes during feeding
- B. Experiences swallowing challenges
- C. Lacks hunger cues
- D. Takes about half of the feeding
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When feeding a newborn with choanal atresia, the nurse can anticipate that the infant may take only part of the feeding before pausing for air. This is due to the fact that infants with choanal atresia struggle to breathe through their nose while feeding. Choice A is incorrect as choking typically involves a more severe airway obstruction. Choice B is incorrect because difficulty swallowing is not the primary concern in choanal atresia. Choice C is incorrect as the issue is not related to hunger cues but rather the physiological challenges associated with breathing while feeding.
3. .A nurse is performing a physical examination on an infant with Down syndrome. For what anomaly should the nurse assess the child?
- A. Bulging fontanels
- B. Stiff lower extremities
- C. Abnormal heart sounds
- D. Unusual pupillary reactions
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Abnormal heart sounds could indicate a congenital heart defect, which is common in infants with Down syndrome.
4. A child with a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome is being discharged. What dietary instructions should the nurse provide?
- A. Encourage a high-protein diet
- B. Avoid foods high in salt
- C. Encourage a low-sodium diet
- D. Encourage a low-protein diet
Correct answer: B
Rationale: For a child with nephrotic syndrome, it is important to avoid foods high in salt. This instruction helps manage symptoms and prevent complications associated with the condition. High salt intake can lead to fluid retention and worsen edema, which are common issues in nephrotic syndrome. Encouraging a low-sodium diet is crucial to maintaining fluid balance and reducing strain on the kidneys. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because a high-protein diet can further stress the kidneys, while a low-protein diet may not be necessary unless specifically advised by the healthcare provider. Encouraging a low-sodium diet is more appropriate for managing nephrotic syndrome.
5. What should the nurse advise the parents of a child with asthma on preventing asthma attacks?
- A. Avoid exposure to allergens
- B. Encourage regular exercise
- C. Provide a high-protein diet
- D. Increase fluid intake
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the parents to avoid exposure to allergens. Asthma attacks are commonly triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold. By minimizing the child's contact with these triggers, the likelihood of asthma attacks can be reduced. Encouraging regular exercise can be beneficial for overall health but may not directly prevent asthma attacks. Providing a high-protein diet and increasing fluid intake are important for general health but are not specific preventive measures for asthma attacks.
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