HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Questions
1. The nurse is planning a nutrition class for a group of high school students emphasizing the goals for nutrition from Healthy People 2020. Which meal selection provides the best choices in meeting these goals?
- A. pasta with cheese sauce, garlic butter bread, and vegetable juice drink
- B. a 6-oz pork chop, creamed peas, cheese sauce on potatoes, coffee
- C. vegetable lasagna, lettuce salad, a whole wheat roll, 8 oz of 2% milk
- D. bacon, lettuce, tomato sandwich, whole grain chips, 8 oz. of whole milk
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because vegetable lasagna, lettuce salad, and a whole wheat roll with 2% milk align with the nutrition goals of Healthy People 2020. These choices provide a balanced meal with vegetables, whole grains, and dairy, promoting a healthier dietary pattern. Choices A, B, and D do not offer as comprehensive a selection of food groups or as healthy options as choice C, making them less aligned with the nutrition goals of Healthy People 2020.
2. The nurse administers a booster dose of DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) vaccine to an infant. Which level of prevention is the nurse implementing?
- A. Primary prevention.
- B. Tertiary prevention.
- C. Secondary prevention.
- D. Primary nursing.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. Administering a booster dose of DTaP vaccine to an infant is an example of primary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs by preventing exposure to risk factors. Tertiary prevention focuses on reducing the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred, while secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment to prevent the progression of disease. Choice B, tertiary prevention, is incorrect as it deals with managing the consequences of a disease rather than preventing it. Choice C, secondary prevention, is also incorrect as it focuses on early detection and treatment rather than vaccination to prevent the disease. Choice D, primary nursing, is unrelated to the level of prevention being implemented in this scenario.
3. A client with schizophrenia is receiving haloperidol (Haldol). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Hypotension
- C. Extrapyramidal symptoms
- D. Hyperglycemia
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Extrapyramidal symptoms. Haloperidol is a first-generation antipsychotic that can lead to extrapyramidal symptoms such as tardive dyskinesia and akathisia. These side effects are common with the use of typical antipsychotics. Choice A, Tachycardia, is not a common side effect of haloperidol. Choice B, Hypotension, is also not a typical side effect associated with haloperidol use. Choice D, Hyperglycemia, is not directly linked to haloperidol administration, as it is more commonly associated with other medications like atypical antipsychotics or certain medical conditions.
4. Diabetes has become a major health problem. How can healthcare professionals contribute to reducing the incidence of diabetes?
- A. Conducting extensive diabetes patient screenings
- B. Supporting the implementation of Republic Act 8191-National Diabetes Act
- C. Creating support groups for diabetes patients
- D. Raising community awareness about diabetes prevention
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Raising community awareness about diabetes prevention is an effective way to reduce the incidence of diabetes. By educating the public about healthy lifestyle choices, risk factors, and preventive measures, healthcare professionals can empower individuals to make informed decisions regarding their health. Choice A is not as proactive as raising awareness in the community. While screening is important, prevention through awareness can have a broader impact. Choice B is specific to a particular act and may not apply universally. Choice C, establishing support groups, is beneficial for those already affected by diabetes but may not directly reduce the incidence of the disease.
5. A client asks the nurse about including her 2 and 12-year-old sons in the care of their newborn sister. Which of the following is an appropriate initial statement by the nurse?
- A. Focus on your sons' needs during the first days at home.
- B. Tell each child what he can do to help with the baby.
- C. Suggest that your husband spend more time with the boys.
- D. Ask the children what they would like to do for the newborn.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Focusing on the older children's needs during the initial days at home is crucial as it helps them feel secure and valued during the transition. This approach allows the children to adjust to the new family dynamics and feel included in the care of their newborn sister. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on tasks rather than addressing the children's emotional needs. Choice C is not the initial step and does not involve directly addressing the children's needs. Choice D puts the decision-making burden on the children rather than providing guidance and support.
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