HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI Test Bank
1. When teaching a class of new parents about positioning their infants during the first few weeks of life, which position is safest?
- A. On the back, lying flat
- B. On either side, lying flat
- C. Head slightly elevated on the left side
- D. Head slightly elevated on the right side
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'On the back, lying flat'. Placing infants on their back to sleep is recommended to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This position helps ensure the baby's airway remains clear and reduces the likelihood of suffocation. Choices B, C, and D are not as safe as placing the infant on their back, as they may increase the risk of accidental suffocation or SIDS.
2. How should a nurse prepare a 15-month-old child diagnosed with hydrocephalus for a computed tomography (CT) scan?
- A. Shaving the child's head
- B. Starting the prescribed IV infusion
- C. Administering the prescribed sedative
- D. Giving the child a simple explanation of the procedure
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Preparing a toddler for a CT scan involves providing a simple explanation of the procedure to help reduce anxiety and fear. Shaving the child's head is unnecessary for a CT scan and may increase distress. Starting an IV infusion or administering sedatives may not be appropriate or necessary for all pediatric patients undergoing CT scans, especially if the child can cooperate without these interventions.
3. The nurse is counseling a young couple who, in 2 months, are having their third baby. The nurse uses Von Bertalanffy's general system theory applied to families to analyze the family structure. Which best describes the main emphasis of this theory and its application to family dynamics?
- A. It emphasizes the family as a system with interdependent, interacting parts that endure over time to ensure the survival, continuity, and growth of its components.
- B. It emphasizes the social system of the family, such as the organization or structure of the family and how the structure relates to the function.
- C. It emphasizes the developmental stages that all families go through, beginning with marriage; the longitudinal career of the family is also known as the family life cycle.
- D. It addresses the way families respond to stress and how the family copes with the stress as a group and how each individual member copes.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Von Bertalanffy's general system theory applied to families emphasizes the family as a system with interdependent, interacting parts that endure over time to ensure the survival, continuity, and growth of its components. This perspective views the family as a dynamic entity where each member's actions and behaviors impact the overall functioning of the family unit. Choice B is incorrect because it focuses more on the social aspects of family structure rather than the systemic view provided by Von Bertalanffy's theory. Choice C is incorrect as it pertains more to the family life cycle theory, which is different from the general system theory. Choice D is incorrect as it addresses stress response within families, a concept not central to Von Bertalanffy's general system theory.
4. What should the nurse include in the preoperative teaching for a 4-year-old child scheduled for a myringotomy?
- A. Explain the procedure in simple terms
- B. Encourage fluid intake
- C. Allow the child to play with medical equipment
- D. Use play therapy to prepare the child
Correct answer: A
Rationale: For a 4-year-old child scheduled for a myringotomy, explaining the procedure in simple terms is essential in helping the child understand what will happen during the surgery and reducing anxiety. Encouraging fluid intake, allowing the child to play with medical equipment, and using play therapy are not directly related to preparing the child for the myringotomy procedure. Therefore, these options are incorrect and not as beneficial as explaining the procedure in simple terms.
5. Which cardiac defects are associated with tetralogy of Fallot?
- A. Right ventricular hypertrophy, atrial and ventricular defects, and mitral valve stenosis
- B. Origin of the aorta from the right ventricle and of the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle
- C. Right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis, and overriding aorta
- D. Altered connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an atrial septal defect
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis, and overriding aorta are the cardiac defects associated with Tetralogy of Fallot. In Tetralogy of Fallot, these specific abnormalities contribute to the classic features of the condition. Choice A is incorrect as it includes mitral valve stenosis, which is not typically part of Tetralogy of Fallot. Choice B describes transposition of the great arteries, not Tetralogy of Fallot. Choice D mentions an altered connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, which is not a defining characteristic of Tetralogy of Fallot.
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