HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI Test Bank
1. The nurse is providing care to a child with a long-leg hip spica cast. What is the priority nursing diagnosis?
- A. Risk for impaired skin integrity due to cast and location.
- B. Deficient knowledge related to cast care.
- C. Risk for delayed development related to immobility.
- D. Self-care deficit related to immobility.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Risk for impaired skin integrity due to cast and location. When caring for a child with a long-leg hip spica cast, the priority nursing diagnosis is the risk for impaired skin integrity. This is because the child's limited mobility and the pressure from the cast can lead to skin breakdown and complications. Choice B is incorrect as while education is essential, it is not the priority when immediate physical risks are present. Choice C is incorrect because while immobility can impact development, the immediate concern is preventing complications from the cast. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses on self-care deficits rather than the physical risk of skin integrity issues.
2. When evaluating the laboratory report of a 1-year-old infant’s hematocrit, a healthcare professional compares it with the expected hematocrit range for this age group. What is the hematocrit of a healthy 12-month-old infant?
- A. 19% to 32%
- B. 29% to 41%
- C. 37% to 47%
- D. 42% to 69%
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 37% to 47%. The normal hematocrit range for a 12-month-old infant is between 37% to 47%, which reflects the expected blood volume and red blood cell levels for this age. Choice A (19% to 32%) and Choice B (29% to 41%) are too low and do not encompass the typical hematocrit range for a healthy 1-year-old. Choice D (42% to 69%) is too high and falls outside the usual hematocrit values for this age group.
3. After surgery to correct hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) in a 3-week-old infant who had been formula-fed, which postoperative feeding order is appropriate?
- A. Thickened formula 24 hours after surgery
- B. Withholding feedings for the first 24 hours
- C. Regular formula feeding within 24 hours after surgery
- D. Additional glucose feedings as desired after the first 24 hours
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Following surgery for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) in infants, it is appropriate to resume regular formula feeding within 24 hours postoperatively to support recovery. This helps maintain adequate nutrition and hydration for the infant. Choice A is incorrect because thickened formula may not be necessary and could potentially cause issues postoperatively. Choice B is incorrect as withholding feedings for the first 24 hours can lead to nutritional deficiencies and delay recovery. Choice D is inappropriate as additional glucose feedings are not typically indicated postoperatively for infants with HPS and may not provide the necessary nutrition needed for recovery.
4. When teaching the parents of a child with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus about insulin administration, what should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Rotate injection sites
- B. Administer insulin before meals
- C. Store insulin in the refrigerator
- D. Administer insulin at bedtime
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to rotate injection sites. This practice helps prevent lipodystrophy, a localized loss of fat tissue that can affect insulin absorption. By rotating sites, the child can avoid developing lumps or indentations in the skin where insulin is repeatedly injected. Administering insulin before meals (choice B) may be necessary for certain types of insulin but is not the priority when teaching about insulin administration. Storing insulin in the refrigerator (choice C) is important for maintaining its potency, but it is not the primary emphasis when teaching about insulin administration. Administering insulin at bedtime (choice D) may be necessary based on the child's insulin regimen but is not the primary consideration for teaching injection techniques and site rotation.
5. The nurse is counseling a young couple who in 2 months are having their third baby. The nurse uses Von Bertalanffy's general system theory applied to families to analyze the family structure. Which best describes the main emphasis of this theory and its application to family dynamics?
- A. It emphasizes the family as a system with interdependent, interacting parts that endure over time to ensure the survival, continuity, and growth of its components.
- B. It emphasizes the social system of the family, such as the organization or structure of the family and how the structure relates to its function.
- C. It emphasizes the developmental stages that all families go through, beginning with marriage; the longitudinal career of the family is also known as the family life cycle.
- D. It addresses how families respond to stress and how the family copes with stress as a group and how each individual member copes.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Von Bertalanffy's general system theory applied to families emphasizes the family as a system with interdependent, interacting parts that endure over time to ensure the survival, continuity, and growth of its components. This theory focuses on viewing the family as a dynamic system where each member's actions and behaviors impact the whole family unit. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses solely on the social system of the family, while Von Bertalanffy's theory looks at the family as a whole system. Choice C is incorrect as it discusses family developmental stages, which is not the main emphasis of Von Bertalanffy's theory. Choice D is also incorrect as it only addresses how families respond to stress, which is a narrower focus compared to the broader system view of Von Bertalanffy's theory.
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