HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Test Bank 2023
1. A newborn presents with a pronounced cephalic hematoma following a birth in the posterior position. Which nursing diagnosis should guide the plan of care?
- A. Pain related to periosteal injury
- B. Impaired mobility related to bleeding
- C. Parental anxiety related to knowledge deficit
- D. Injury related to intracranial hemorrhage
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct nursing diagnosis to guide the plan of care for a newborn with a pronounced cephalic hematoma following a birth in the posterior position is 'Parental anxiety related to knowledge deficit.' This is appropriate because the parents may be worried about the appearance and potential complications of the cephalic hematoma. They may require education and reassurance from the nurse. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not address the emotional needs of the parents and the knowledge deficit they may have regarding the condition.
2. What influences health status?
- A. lifestyle choices and community resources
- B. availability of health technology like diagnostic machines
- C. presence of toxic environmental conditions
- D. all of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Health status is influenced by a combination of lifestyle choices, community resources, health technology like diagnostic machines, and environmental conditions. Each of these factors plays a role in determining an individual's overall health. Choice A is correct as lifestyle choices (such as diet, exercise, and smoking habits) and access to community resources (like healthcare facilities, support groups, and recreational spaces) are important determinants of health. Choice B is correct as the availability of health technology, including diagnostic machines, can impact early detection and treatment of health conditions. Choice C is correct as exposure to toxic environmental conditions (such as pollution, contaminated water, or hazardous waste) can have adverse effects on health. Therefore, the correct answer is D because all of these factors collectively influence health status.
3. The RN at a migrant health center notes an increased incidence of dermatitis in seasonal farm workers at a local fruit farm. In response to this finding, what is the most important information for the RN to obtain as part of the community assessment?
- A. Availability of clean fresh water to wash hands after work.
- B. Proper housing
- C. Access to health care services
- D. Access to transportation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Availability of clean fresh water to wash hands after work. Proper hand hygiene, including washing hands with clean water, is crucial in preventing dermatitis, especially in farm workers who are exposed to potential irritants in their work environment. While proper housing (choice B), access to health care services (choice C), and access to transportation (choice D) are important factors in overall community health, they are not directly linked to preventing dermatitis in this scenario.
4. In the immediate postoperative period for a cleft lip repair in a 2-month-old infant, which nursing approach should be the priority?
- A. Remove protective arm devices one at a time for short periods with supervision
- B. Initiate oral feedings when alert
- C. Introduce the parents to the suture line cleansing protocol
- D. Position the infant on the back after feedings throughout the day
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct nursing approach in the immediate postoperative period for a cleft lip repair in an infant is to remove protective arm devices one at a time for short periods with supervision. This approach helps prevent injury to the surgical site while ensuring the infant's comfort and safety. Choice B is incorrect as initiating oral feedings immediately after surgery may not be appropriate and could compromise the surgical site. Choice C is incorrect as introducing parents to the suture line cleansing protocol is important but not the immediate priority. Choice D is incorrect as positioning the infant on the back after feedings is not specific to the immediate postoperative period for a cleft lip repair.
5. As a supervisor, you plan to conduct a seminar in response to the midwife's training need for skills in community diagnosis. Which is an appropriate method to use to enable midwives to apply the knowledge they will gain in actual practice?
- A. lecture
- B. problem-solving
- C. group discussion
- D. nominal group technique
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Problem-solving is an effective method to enable midwives to apply the knowledge gained in actual practice. By engaging in problem-solving activities during the seminar, midwives can enhance their critical thinking skills and directly apply the information to real-life scenarios they may encounter in community diagnosis. Choice A (lecture) is less effective as it primarily involves passive listening and may not provide the hands-on experience needed for practical application. Choice C (group discussion) can be helpful for sharing perspectives but may not directly translate to practical application as problem-solving would. Choice D (nominal group technique) focuses more on generating ideas and reaching consensus rather than hands-on application of knowledge.
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