HESI LPN
Practice HESI Fundamentals Exam
1. A client who is terminally ill has a family member who is coping effectively with the situation. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication of effective coping?
- A. "We still have hope that everything will be okay."
- B. "This is a difficult time, but we are helping each other through this."
- C. "After he comes home, we can plan out a family reunion."
- D. "We don't need to talk about funeral arrangements at this time."
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because an effective coping strategy involves mutual support and communication within the family. This statement reflects effective coping skills as the family is shown to be helping each other through the difficult time. Choice A is incorrect as maintaining hope does not necessarily indicate effective coping. Choice C focuses on future events and may not address the current situation of coping with a terminally ill family member. Choice D avoids discussing important aspects of end-of-life planning, which may not reflect effective coping with the situation at hand.
2. During a neurologic examination, which assessment should a nurse perform to test a client's balance?
- A. Romberg test
- B. Heel-to-toe walk
- C. Snellen test
- D. Spinal accessory function
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The Romberg test is used to assess a client's balance by evaluating their ability to maintain a steady posture with eyes closed. The heel-to-toe walk is another assessment that tests balance by assessing gait and coordination. The Snellen test is used to assess visual acuity and is unrelated to balance. Testing spinal accessory function involves assessing the movement of the head and shoulders and is not directly related to balance assessment.
3. A home health nurse is discussing the dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning with a client. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Carbon monoxide does not have a distinct odor.
- B. Water heaters should be inspected every 5 years.
- C. The lungs are not damaged from carbon monoxide inhalation.
- D. Carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin in the body.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin in the body.' Carbon monoxide is an odorless, colorless gas, so it does not have a distinct odor (Choice A). While regular inspection of appliances like water heaters is important for safety, it is not directly related to carbon monoxide poisoning (Choice B). Carbon monoxide primarily affects the cardiovascular system by binding with hemoglobin, reducing the blood's ability to carry oxygen, rather than causing direct lung damage (Choice C). Understanding how carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin is crucial in recognizing the mechanism of poisoning and its potential consequences.
4. While reviewing the medical records of a client with a pressure ulcer, a nurse should expect which of the following findings?
- A. Albumin level of 3 g/dL
- B. Hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL
- C. WBC count of 6,000/mm³
- D. Blood glucose level of 100 mg/dL
Correct answer: A
Rationale: An albumin level below 3.5 g/dL indicates protein deficiency, which can impair wound healing and contribute to pressure ulcer formation. Hemoglobin level and WBC count are not directly associated with pressure ulcers. Blood glucose level, while important for overall health, is not specifically linked to pressure ulcer development.
5. A nurse in a primary care clinic is assessing a client who has a history of herpes zoster. Which of the following findings suggests that the client has postherpetic neuralgia?
- A. Linear clusters of vesicles on the right shoulder.
- B. Purulent drainage from both eyes.
- C. Decreased white blood cell count.
- D. Report of continued pain following resolution of the rash.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Report of continued pain following resolution of the rash. Postherpetic neuralgia is a complication of herpes zoster characterized by persistent pain that continues even after the rash has resolved. This pain can be severe and debilitating, affecting the quality of life of the individual. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because linear clusters of vesicles on the right shoulder would suggest an active herpes zoster outbreak, purulent drainage from both eyes would indicate an eye infection unrelated to postherpetic neuralgia, and a decreased white blood cell count is not typically associated with postherpetic neuralgia.
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