HESI LPN
Leadership and Management HESI Test Bank
1. A patient is admitted to the emergency department with hypovolemia. Which IV solution should the nurse anticipate administering?
- A. 3% sodium chloride
- B. 10% dextrose in water
- C. 0.45% sodium chloride
- D. Lactated Ringer's solution
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Lactated Ringer's solution is the most suitable IV solution for a patient with hypovolemia. It is a balanced crystalloid solution containing electrolytes such as sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, and lactate, which closely resemble the body's natural fluids. This solution helps to restore intravascular volume and electrolyte balance in hypovolemic patients. Choice A, 3% sodium chloride, is a hypertonic solution used for specific situations like severe hyponatremia or cerebral edema, not typically for hypovolemia. Choice B, 10% dextrose in water, is a hypertonic solution primarily used for providing calories and free water, not for volume expansion. Choice C, 0.45% sodium chloride, is a hypotonic solution used for conditions like hypernatremia or as maintenance fluid, not for hypovolemia.
2. What does the mnemonic device ABCDE stand for?
- A. Allergy, bleeding, chemicals, dietary, environment
- B. Allergy, bleeding, cardio, diabetes, endocrine
- C. Allergy, bleeding, cardio, digestive, endocrine
- D. Allergy, bleeding, cortisone, diabetes, emboli
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Allergy, bleeding, cortisone, diabetes, emboli.' The ABCDE mnemonic is used in healthcare to help remember key assessment points. Choice A is incorrect as 'chemicals' and 'dietary' are not part of the ABCDE assessment. Choice B is incorrect as 'cardio' is not part of the ABCDE mnemonic. Choice C is incorrect as 'cardio' and 'digestive' are not part of the ABCDE mnemonic.
3. A nurse enters the hallway and discovers a visitor looking at a client's medical information on a computer. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Inform the care nurse that a visitor viewed a client's protected health information.
- B. Close the documentation program on the computer.
- C. Inform the visitor that the client's records are confidential.
- D. Find out which staff member left the documentation program on the screen.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct first action for the nurse to take is to close the documentation program on the computer to prevent further unauthorized access to the client's medical information. Choice A is incorrect because the immediate concern is to secure the information first. Choice C, while important, can be addressed after securing the information. Choice D, finding out which staff member left the program open, is not the immediate priority when patient confidentiality is at risk.
4. Which of the following is something a new model for health care in the future should include?
- A. Community-centered care
- B. Care that encourages a healthy environment
- C. Accessible care that is affordable for most
- D. A focus on local health concerns
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a new model for health care in the future should focus on promoting a healthy environment. This includes initiatives such as green buildings and reducing pollution to improve overall health outcomes. Choice A, community-centered care, is important but not the primary focus when considering the future of healthcare. Choice C, accessible and affordable care, is crucial but does not directly address the need for a healthy environment. Choice D, a focus on local health concerns, is relevant but not as comprehensive as promoting a healthy environment in shaping the future of healthcare.
5. Which of the following methods of insulin administration would be used in the initial treatment of hyperglycemia in a client with diabetic ketoacidosis?
- A. Subcutaneous
- B. Intramuscular
- C. IV bolus only
- D. IV bolus, followed by continuous infusion
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: IV bolus, followed by continuous infusion. In the initial treatment of hyperglycemia in a client with diabetic ketoacidosis, insulin is administered via IV bolus to quickly reduce blood glucose levels, followed by a continuous infusion to maintain control. Subcutaneous and intramuscular routes are not used in this situation as they are not rapid or predictable enough to address the acute hyperglycemia seen in diabetic ketoacidosis. IV bolus alone without the continuous infusion may not provide sustained control of blood glucose levels, making choice C incorrect.
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