HESI LPN
HESI Leadership and Management Quizlet
1. Which manifestation should the nurse expect to assess in a patient with fluid volume deficit?
- A. Headache and muscle cramps
- B. Dyspnea and respiratory crackles
- C. Increased pulse rate and blood pressure
- D. Orthostatic hypotension and flat neck veins
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension and flat neck veins are classic manifestations of fluid volume deficit. When the body loses fluid, blood volume decreases, leading to decreased venous return to the heart, resulting in orthostatic hypotension and flat neck veins. Choices A, B, and C are more indicative of other conditions such as dehydration, respiratory issues, or compensatory mechanisms in response to hypovolemia, respectively.
2. What is the purpose of a healthcare audit?
- A. To increase paperwork
- B. To assess and improve quality of care
- C. To reduce patient satisfaction
- D. To limit healthcare services
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To assess and improve quality of care.' Healthcare audits are conducted to evaluate the quality and efficiency of healthcare services provided. Choice A, 'To increase paperwork,' is incorrect as audits aim to streamline processes and reduce unnecessary paperwork. Choice C, 'To reduce patient satisfaction,' is incorrect as audits are meant to identify areas for improvement to enhance patient satisfaction. Choice D, 'To limit healthcare services,' is also incorrect as audits help in optimizing healthcare services rather than limiting them.
3. What is the softening and thinning of the cervix during labor known as?
- A. Dilation
- B. Symphysis
- C. Effacement
- D. Hyperplasia
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Effacement is the correct term for the softening and thinning of the cervix during labor. It is the process where the cervix becomes thinner, allowing it to stretch and open as labor progresses. Choice A, 'Dilation,' is incorrect as it refers to the opening of the cervix. Choice B, 'Symphysis,' is incorrect as it refers to the joint that connects the two pubic bones. Choice D, 'Hyperplasia,' is incorrect as it refers to an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue.
4. Your client is adversely affected with fever, night sweats, occult hematuria, tenderness of the spleen, and Osler's nodes. What disorder would you most likely suspect?
- A. Tuberculosis
- B. AIDS/HIV
- C. Pericarditis
- D. Endocarditis
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The client is likely suffering from endocarditis based on the symptoms described. Endocarditis is characterized by fever, night sweats, hematuria, splenomegaly (tenderness of the spleen), and Osler's nodes (painful nodules on the pads of the fingers or toes). While tuberculosis and AIDS/HIV can present with some similar symptoms, the presence of Osler's nodes is more specific to endocarditis. Pericarditis typically presents with chest pain, not the combination of symptoms seen in this case.
5. Which healthcare-associated infection poses the greatest risk for patients?
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Catheter-related infections
- C. Intravenous line infections
- D. C. difficile
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Catheter-related infections pose the greatest risk for patients in healthcare settings. Catheters are invasive devices that can introduce pathogens directly into the bloodstream, leading to severe infections. Pneumonia, intravenous line infections, and C. difficile infections are serious concerns as well, but catheter-related infections are particularly risky due to the direct access they provide for pathogens to enter the body.
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