HESI LPN
CAT Exam Practice
1. A client prescribed warfarin is being taught about dietary modifications by a nurse. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?
- A. ''I need to avoid foods high in vitamin C.''
- B. ''I should eat a consistent amount of vitamin K each day.''
- C. ''I can eat as many leafy greens as I want.''
- D. ''I should not worry about any changes in my diet.''
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Consistency in vitamin K intake is crucial for clients on warfarin to maintain stable anticoagulation levels. Option A is incorrect as vitamin C does not directly interact with warfarin. Option C is incorrect because although leafy greens are high in vitamin K, excessive consumption can affect warfarin's effectiveness. Option D is incorrect as any changes in diet, particularly in vitamin K intake, can impact the efficacy of warfarin.
2. While changing the pressure ulcer dressing of a client who is immobile, the nurse notes that the boundary edges of the wound have increased. Before reporting this finding to the healthcare provider, the nurse should review which of the client’s serum laboratory values?
- A. Potassium
- B. Platelets
- C. Creatinine
- D. Albumin
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Albumin. Reviewing albumin levels is crucial in this situation because low albumin levels can impact wound healing and contribute to increased wound edges. Potassium (choice A) is not directly related to wound healing or wound edges. Platelets (choice B) are more related to blood clotting than wound healing. Creatinine (choice C) is related to kidney function, not specifically to wound healing or wound edges.
3. In what order should the nurse assess a lethargic one-hour-old infant brought to the nursery?
- A. Heel stick
- B. Respirations
- C. Heart rate
- D. Temperature
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When assessing a lethargic one-hour-old infant, the nurse should prioritize assessing the most critical parameters first. Temperature and heart rate are vital signs that provide immediate information about the infant's well-being. Therefore, the correct order of assessment should be temperature, heart rate, respirations, and then a heel stick. Temperature is crucial to determine if the infant is hypothermic or hyperthermic, while heart rate gives insight into the circulatory system's function. Respirations follow to evaluate the infant's breathing pattern. Lastly, the heel stick is important for certain screenings but is not as urgent as evaluating temperature and heart rate in a lethargic infant.
4. When educating a group of school-age children on reducing the risk of Lyme disease, which instruction should the camp nurse include?
- A. Wash hands frequently
- B. Avoid drinking lake water
- C. Wear long sleeves and pants
- D. Do not share personal products
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction to reduce the risk of Lyme disease is to wear long sleeves and pants. This helps prevent tick bites, which are the primary mode of transmission for Lyme disease. Wearing protective clothing reduces the skin's exposure to ticks, decreasing the chances of getting bitten. Washing hands frequently (Choice A) is important for general hygiene but not specifically for preventing Lyme disease. Avoiding drinking lake water (Choice B) is unrelated to the prevention of Lyme disease. Not sharing personal products (Choice D) is important for preventing the spread of infections but does not directly reduce the risk of Lyme disease.
5. A 20-year-old male client is diagnosed with Ewing’s sarcoma following an examination for a knee injury. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to provide the client?
- A. Take analgesics regularly to manage pain
- B. Notify the healthcare provider if the swelling worsens
- C. Avoid weight-bearing on the affected knee until the injury heals
- D. Seek treatment for the sarcoma immediately
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The most crucial instruction for the nurse to provide the client is to seek treatment for the sarcoma immediately. Ewing's sarcoma is a type of cancer that necessitates prompt and aggressive treatment for the best possible outcome. While managing pain (Choice A) and monitoring swelling (Choice B) are important, addressing the underlying sarcoma is the priority. Instructing the client to avoid weight-bearing (Choice C) is not directly related to the treatment of Ewing's sarcoma and may not be the most critical instruction at this point.
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