HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Practice Exam
1. A client has developed thrombophlebitis of the left leg. Which nursing intervention should be given the highest priority?
- A. Elevate leg on 2 pillows
- B. Apply support stockings
- C. Apply warm compresses
- D. Maintain complete bed rest
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The highest priority nursing intervention for a client with thrombophlebitis of the left leg is to elevate the leg on 2 pillows. Elevating the leg helps reduce swelling and pain associated with thrombophlebitis by promoting venous return. Applying support stockings (choice B) can be beneficial but is not the highest priority as elevation is more effective in the acute phase. Applying warm compresses (choice C) may worsen the condition by dilating the blood vessels, leading to increased pain and swelling. Maintaining complete bed rest (choice D) is important, but elevation takes precedence to improve circulation and reduce the risk of complications.
2. A person with no known illness whose daily routine consists of walking and following a healthy diet would be best characterized as engaging in which kind of activities?
- A. health balance
- B. disease prevention
- C. health promotion
- D. self-fulfillment
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: health promotion. Health promotion activities involve maintaining a healthy lifestyle to prevent illness. In this scenario, the person is actively engaging in behaviors that promote their overall health and well-being, such as walking and following a healthy diet. Choice A, 'health balance,' is vague and does not specifically address the proactive nature of the person's actions. Choice B, 'disease prevention,' while related, focuses more on specific actions taken to prevent diseases rather than the broader concept of promoting overall health. Choice D, 'self-fulfillment,' does not directly relate to the activities described in the question.
3. When caring for premature newborns in an intensive care setting, a nurse carefully monitors oxygen concentration. What is the most common complication of this therapy?
- A. Intraventricular hemorrhage
- B. Retinopathy of prematurity
- C. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- D. Necrotizing enterocolitis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Retinopathy of prematurity is the most common complication in premature infants exposed to high concentrations of oxygen. This condition leads to abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina, which can potentially result in blindness if not managed promptly. Intraventricular hemorrhage, though a significant concern in premature infants, is not directly related to oxygen therapy. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is primarily associated with mechanical ventilation and oxygen exposure over time, not specifically with oxygen concentration monitoring. Necrotizing enterocolitis is more linked to gastrointestinal issues and is not the most common complication of oxygen therapy in premature newborns.
4. A child and his family were exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis about 2 months ago. To confirm the presence or absence of an infection, it is most important for all family members to have a
- A. Chest x-ray
- B. Blood culture
- C. Sputum culture
- D. PPD intradermal test
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The PPD (purified protein derivative) intradermal test is the standard screening method for detecting tuberculosis infection. It helps identify individuals who have been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A chest x-ray (Choice A) is used to assess the extent of active disease, not for screening purposes. Blood culture (Choice B) is not typically used for tuberculosis screening. Sputum culture (Choice C) is used to confirm active tuberculosis in symptomatic individuals, not for initial screening purposes.
5. The nurse is conducting a process evaluation of a prevention education program for older adults who are at risk for substance abuse. Which data source provides the information the nurse needs to conduct this process evaluation?
- A. client's score on an alcohol screening instrument
- B. results of a urine drug and alcohol screen
- C. most recent community census data
- D. documentation of client education in the nursing record
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Correct! Documentation of client education in the nursing record is the most appropriate data source for conducting a process evaluation of a prevention education program. This documentation provides insight into the educational process, its implementation, and the quality of education delivered. Choices A and B focus on assessing the clients directly for substance abuse, which is different from evaluating the educational process. Choice C, the most recent community census data, is not directly related to evaluating the specific prevention education program for older adults at risk for substance abuse.
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