HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI Practice Questions
1. A 2-year-old child who was admitted to the hospital for further surgical repair of a clubfoot is standing in the crib, crying. The child refuses to be comforted and calls for the mother. As the nurse approaches the crib to provide morning care, the child screams louder. Knowing that this behavior is typical of the stage of protest, what is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
- A. Use comforting measures while holding the child.
- B. Fill the basin with water and proceed to bathe the child.
- C. Sit by the crib and bathe the child later when the anxiety decreases.
- D. Postpone the bath for a day because a child this upset should not be traumatized further.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: During the stage of protest, children may exhibit distress and cling to familiar figures, resisting interactions with others. The most appropriate nursing intervention is to sit by the crib, offer comfort, and wait until the child's anxiety decreases before proceeding with bathing. This approach allows the child to feel supported and gradually transition to accepting care. Choice A is incorrect because forcing comfort may escalate the child's distress. Choice B is inappropriate as it disregards the child's emotional state and rushes into the bathing procedure. Choice D is not ideal as it suggests delaying care for an extended period, which may not address the child's immediate needs for comfort and hygiene.
2. When the working mother of a toddler is preparing to take her child home after a prolonged hospitalization, she asks the nurse what type of behavior she should expect to be displayed. What is the nurse’s most appropriate description of her child’s probable behavior?
- A. Excessively demanding behavior
- B. Hostile attitude toward the mother
- C. Cheerful, with shallow attachment behaviors
- D. Withdrawn, without emotional ties to the mother
Correct answer: A
Rationale: After a prolonged hospitalization, a toddler may exhibit excessively demanding behavior as they readjust to being home. This behavior can stem from the child feeling insecure or anxious about the changes in their environment. The child may seek extra attention and reassurance during this transition period. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because hostility, shallowness in attachment, and withdrawal without emotional ties are less likely behaviors to be displayed by a toddler readjusting to home after a hospital stay.
3. When explaining a viral disease that begins with malaise and a highly pruritic rash starting on the abdomen, spreading to the face and proximal extremities, and potentially leading to severe complications, which childhood disease is a nurse discussing with members of a grammar school’s Parent-Teachers Association?
- A. Rubella
- B. Rubeola
- C. Chickenpox
- D. Scarlet fever
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is Chickenpox (varicella). This viral disease typically starts with malaise and a highly pruritic rash that begins on the abdomen and then spreads to the face and proximal extremities. Chickenpox can result in serious complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis. Rubella (German measles) presents with a milder rash and is less pruritic than chickenpox. Rubeola (measles) is characterized by a rash that spreads from the head to the trunk. Scarlet fever is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria and is not a viral illness.
4. A parent calls the clinic because their child has ingested a small amount of household bleach. What should the nurse advise?
- A. Administer activated charcoal
- B. Induce vomiting immediately
- C. Call the poison control center
- D. Take the child to the emergency department
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the parent to call the poison control center. When a child ingests household bleach, it is important to seek guidance from professionals who can provide specific and immediate advice on managing the situation. Administering activated charcoal (Choice A) is not recommended for household bleach ingestion. Inducing vomiting immediately (Choice B) can lead to further complications and is not the recommended first response. Taking the child to the emergency department (Choice D) should be done based on the advice received from the poison control center.
5. The nurse is teaching a group of parents about the side effects of immunization vaccines. Which sign should the nurse include when discussing an infant receiving the Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) vaccine?
- A. Lethargy
- B. Urticaria
- C. Generalized rash
- D. Low-grade fever
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D. Low-grade fever.' A low-grade fever is a common and mild side effect of the Hib vaccine, indicating that the immune system is responding to the immunization. Lethargy (choice A) can be a sign of more serious adverse effects and should be monitored closely but is not typically associated with the Hib vaccine. Urticaria (choice B) and generalized rash (choice C) are less common side effects of the Hib vaccine compared to low-grade fever.
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