HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI Practice Questions
1. A child with a diagnosis of leukemia is admitted to the hospital with a fever. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Administering antibiotics
- B. Administering antipyretics
- C. Providing nutritional support
- D. Monitoring for signs of infection
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a child with leukemia admitted to the hospital with a fever is to monitor for signs of infection. Children with leukemia are immunocompromised, making them more susceptible to infections. Monitoring for signs of infection helps in early detection and timely intervention, which is crucial in preventing complications. Administering antibiotics (choice A) may be necessary if an infection is suspected or confirmed, but the priority is to assess for signs of infection first. Administering antipyretics (choice B) may help reduce fever, but it does not address the underlying cause, which could be an infection. Providing nutritional support (choice C) is important for overall health but is not the priority when a child with leukemia presents with a fever, as infection needs to be ruled out or managed first.
2. A child with a diagnosis of gastroenteritis is admitted to the hospital. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance
- B. Encouraging regular exercise
- C. Administering antipyretics
- D. Administering antibiotics
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance. Gastroenteritis is characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to fluid loss. Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance is essential in managing gastroenteritis to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Encouraging regular exercise (Choice B) is not a priority in the acute phase of gastroenteritis when the focus is on rehydration and symptom management. Administering antipyretics (Choice C) may be considered for fever management but is not the priority over monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance. Administering antibiotics (Choice D) is not routinely indicated for viral gastroenteritis, which is a common cause of the condition in children.
3. A 16-year-old is suspected of having type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which clinical manifestation may be present?
- A. moist skin
- B. weight gain
- C. fluid overload
- D. poor wound healing
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Poor wound healing is a common clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes mellitus. High blood glucose levels in diabetes can impair the body's ability to heal wounds effectively. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Moist skin is not a typical clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes; instead, skin may become dry due to dehydration. Weight gain is unlikely as type 1 diabetes is characterized by weight loss. Fluid overload is also uncommon in type 1 diabetes, which is more commonly associated with dehydration due to frequent urination.
4. The nurse caring for families in crisis assesses the affective function of an immigrant family consisting of a father, mother, and two school-age children. Based on Friedman's structural functional theory, what defines this family component?
- A. Meeting the love and belonging needs of each member
- B. Teaching children how to function and assume adult roles in society
- C. Ensuring the family has necessary resources with appropriate allocation
- D. Involving the provision of physical care to keep the family healthy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In Friedman's structural functional theory, the affective function of a family involves meeting the love and belonging needs of each member. This includes emotional support, care, and connections that contribute to the overall well-being of the family unit. Choice B is incorrect as it pertains more to the socialization function of the family, where children learn societal roles. Choice C relates to the economic function of the family, ensuring resources are available and allocated appropriately. Choice D focuses on the instrumental function of the family, which involves meeting the physical needs and health of its members.
5. A nurse is evaluating a 3-year-old child’s developmental progress. The inability to perform which task indicates to the nurse that there is a developmental delay?
- A. Copying a square
- B. Hopping on one foot
- C. Catching a ball reliably
- D. Using a spoon effectively
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Copying a square. At 3 years old, children should be able to copy a square as part of their fine motor skill development. The inability to perform this task may indicate a developmental delay in fine motor skills. Choice B, hopping on one foot, typically develops around 4-5 years of age, so it is not a reliable indicator of a delay at 3. Choice C, catching a ball reliably, involves coordination skills that develop later in childhood, making it less relevant for a 3-year-old assessment. Choice D, using a spoon effectively, is more related to self-care and feeding skills rather than fine motor development, so it is not the best indicator of a developmental delay in this context.
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