HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI Practice Questions
1. A parent calls the outpatient clinic requesting information about the appropriate dose of acetaminophen for a 16-month-old child who has signs of an upper respiratory tract infection and fever. The directions on the bottle of acetaminophen elixir are 120 mg every 4 hours when needed. At the toddler’s 15-month visit, the healthcare provider prescribed 150 mg. What is the nurse’s best response to the parent?
- A. “The dose is close enough, and it doesn’t really matter which one is given.”
- B. “From your description, the medication is not necessary. It should be avoided at this age.”
- C. “It is appropriate to use dosages based on age. Children typically have weights consistent for their age groups.”
- D. “The prescribed dose of the drug was based on weight, and this is a more accurate way of determining a therapeutic dose.”
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The most accurate way to determine a therapeutic dose for children is based on their weight rather than age. Weight-based dosing accounts for individual variations in drug metabolism and distribution, ensuring a more precise and safer medication administration. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not address the importance of weight-based dosing in children, potentially leading to inappropriate dosing and safety concerns.
2. The mother of a 5-year-old boy with a myelomeningocele who has developed a sensitivity to latex is being taught by the nurse. Which response from his mother indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. He needs to wear a medical alert identification.
- B. I will need to inform his caregivers about this.
- C. A product's label always indicates if it is latex-free.
- D. He should avoid all contact with latex.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Choice C indicates a need for further teaching because not all products are clearly labeled as latex-free. It is essential for the mother to understand that she should not solely rely on product labels to determine latex content. She should be encouraged to verify with manufacturers and consult healthcare providers for accurate information. Choices A, B, and D are correct responses. Wearing a medical alert identification, informing caregivers, and ensuring the boy avoids all contact with latex are crucial steps in managing his sensitivity to latex and preventing potential allergic reactions.
3. A child has been diagnosed with classic hemophilia. A nurse teaches the child’s parents how to administer the plasma component factor VIII through a venous port. It is to be given 3 times a week. What should the nurse tell them about when to administer this therapy?
- A. Whenever a bleed is suspected
- B. In the morning on scheduled days
- C. At bedtime while the child is lying quietly in bed
- D. On a regular schedule at the parents’ convenience
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Administering factor VIII in the morning on scheduled days ensures that there is a consistent level of the plasma component throughout the day, especially when the child is active. This timing helps to maintain adequate levels of factor VIII to prevent bleeding episodes. Choice A is incorrect because administering factor VIII only when a bleed is suspected would not provide the consistent prophylactic coverage needed for children with hemophilia. Choice C is incorrect as bedtime administration may not be practical for ensuring the plasma component is available during the child's active hours. Choice D is incorrect because administering factor VIII on a regular schedule, rather than at specific times of the day, may not optimize its effectiveness in preventing bleeding episodes.
4. A child with a diagnosis of diabetes insipidus is admitted to the hospital. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Administering insulin
- B. Monitoring fluid balance
- C. Administering diuretics
- D. Monitoring vital signs
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct priority nursing intervention for a child diagnosed with diabetes insipidus is to monitor fluid balance. Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by excessive urination and thirst, which can lead to dehydration. Monitoring fluid balance is essential to prevent dehydration and ensure the child's hydration status remains stable. Administering insulin (Choice A) is not indicated in diabetes insipidus because it is a disorder of the posterior pituitary gland, not the pancreas. Administering diuretics (Choice C) would exacerbate fluid loss in a child already at risk for dehydration. Monitoring vital signs (Choice D) is important but not the priority when compared to maintaining fluid balance in a child with diabetes insipidus.
5. What should the nurse suggest to a parent asking for help with a child experiencing night terrors?
- A. Encourage the child to talk about the night terrors.
- B. Establish a bedtime routine.
- C. Allow the child to sleep with the parents.
- D. Wake the child during the night.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Establishing a bedtime routine is the most appropriate suggestion for a parent seeking help with a child experiencing night terrors. Bedtime routines can create a sense of security and predictability for the child, potentially reducing the frequency of night terrors. Encouraging the child to talk about the night terrors (Choice A) may not be effective during the episode as the child is usually not fully awake. Allowing the child to sleep with the parents (Choice C) may inadvertently reinforce the behavior and hinder the child’s ability to learn to self-soothe. Waking the child during the night (Choice D) may disrupt the sleep cycle and exacerbate the night terrors.
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