HESI LPN
HESI Fundamentals Test Bank
1. The patient diagnosed with diabetes is reporting severe foot pain due to corns and has been using oval corn pads to self-treat the corns. Which information will the nurse share with the patient?
- A. Corn pads are an adequate treatment and should be continued.
- B. The patient should avoid soaking the feet before using a pumice stone.
- C. The current self-treatment is likely impeding circulation to the toes.
- D. Tighter shoes would help compress the corns and make them smaller.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should inform the patient that using oval corn pads can increase pressure on the toes and impede circulation, which may exacerbate foot problems in patients with diabetes. It is important to avoid practices that restrict blood flow to the feet, as poor circulation can lead to serious complications. Soaking the feet and using a pumice stone can be beneficial for corns, but in this case, the current self-treatment with corn pads is not recommended. Tighter shoes would further increase pressure on the corns and should be avoided. Therefore, the nurse should emphasize the importance of proper foot care and recommend alternative treatments to promote foot health and prevent complications.
2. A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is receiving metformin (Glucophage). Which laboratory test should the LPN/LVN monitor while the client is taking this medication?
- A. Complete blood count (CBC)
- B. Liver function tests
- C. Serum electrolytes
- D. Renal function tests
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver function tests. While a client is taking metformin, monitoring liver function tests is crucial to assess for potential hepatic side effects. Metformin is primarily eliminated by the liver, and monitoring liver function tests helps in early detection of any liver-related complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A complete blood count (CBC) is not specifically required for monitoring metformin therapy. Serum electrolytes are not directly impacted by metformin, making it less relevant for monitoring this medication. Renal function tests are important for some other diabetes medications, but in the case of metformin, liver function tests take precedence due to its hepatic metabolism.
3. A healthcare provider is providing discharge teaching to a client about self-administering heparin.
- A. Administer medication in the abdomen.
- B. Administer medication in the thigh.
- C. Administer medication in the upper arm.
- D. Administer medication in the buttock.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Heparin is typically administered in the abdomen for self-injection to avoid muscle tissue and for better absorption. The subcutaneous tissue in the abdomen provides a larger area for injection and is usually recommended for heparin administration. Administering heparin in the thigh, upper arm, or buttock may not be as effective or safe as the abdomen due to variations in absorption rates and potential risks associated with muscle injection.
4. A client who has a terminal illness asks several questions about the nurse's religious beliefs related to death and dying. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Encourage the client to express their thoughts about death and dying
- B. Share the nurse's personal beliefs about death and dying
- C. Redirect the client to a chaplain or spiritual advisor
- D. Provide a brief overview of common religious beliefs about death and dying
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Encouraging the client to express their thoughts allows them to explore their own feelings and concerns about death. This approach empowers the client to reflect on their beliefs and values without the influence of the nurse's personal beliefs (choice B), which should remain separate in a professional setting. Redirecting the client to a chaplain or spiritual advisor (choice C) may be appropriate if the client seeks specific spiritual guidance. Providing a brief overview of common religious beliefs (choice D) may not address the client's individual questions and concerns.
5. The client is being instructed on how to collect a clean catch urine specimen. Which sequence is appropriate for teaching?
- A. Void a little, clean the meatus, then collect specimen
- B. Clean the meatus, begin voiding, then catch urine stream
- C. Clean the meatus, then urinate into container
- D. Void continuously and catch some of the urine
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct sequence for obtaining a clean catch urine specimen involves first cleaning the meatus to prevent contamination, then initiating voiding to catch the midstream urine. This method ensures that the sample is as uncontaminated as possible, making choice B the correct sequence. Option A is incorrect as cleaning the meatus should be done before voiding. Option C is incorrect as it does not involve catching a midstream urine sample. Option D is incorrect as it suggests catching urine throughout the entire voiding process, which may lead to contamination.
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