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HESI Pediatrics Quizlet
1. One principle to be followed for children with type 1 diabetes is to provide for the variability of the child’s activity. What should the nurse teach the child about how to compensate for increased physical activity?
- A. Eat more food when planning to exercise more than usual.
- B. Take oral, not injectable insulin, on days of heavy exercise.
- C. Take insulin in the morning when extra exercise is anticipated.
- D. Eat foods that contain sugar to compensate for the extra exercise.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to eat more food when planning to exercise more than usual. Increased physical activity requires more energy, so additional food intake is necessary to compensate for the increased energy expenditure. This helps maintain blood sugar levels within the target range. Choice B is incorrect because the mode of insulin administration does not change based on physical activity; the type and dose of insulin remain the same unless adjusted by a healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect because insulin timing should not be adjusted solely based on anticipated exercise; consistent timing of insulin doses is crucial for stable blood sugar control. Choice D is incorrect because consuming foods with sugar may lead to unstable blood sugar levels and is not the recommended way to compensate for extra exercise, as it can result in sudden spikes and drops in blood glucose levels, affecting overall diabetes management.
2. When a child with a diagnosis of asthma is prescribed a peak flow meter, what should the nurse teach the child and parents about using this device?
- A. Use the device before taking medication
- B. Use the device during asthma attacks
- C. Record the best of three attempts
- D. Use the device after eating
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to record the best of three attempts when using a peak flow meter. This method provides a more accurate measure of peak expiratory flow. Choice A is incorrect because using the device before taking medication may not reflect the actual peak flow, as medication can affect lung function. Choice B is incorrect as using the device during asthma attacks may not be feasible or safe, as the focus during an attack should be on managing symptoms rather than measuring peak flow. Choice D is incorrect because using the device after eating may not provide an accurate measurement of peak flow, as digestion can affect lung function temporarily.
3. A child with a cardiac malformation associated with left-to-right shunting is being cared for by a nurse. What does the nurse consider to be the major characteristic of this type of congenital disorder?
- A. Elevated hematocrit
- B. Severe growth retardation
- C. Clubbing of the fingers and toes
- D. Increased blood flow to the lungs
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The major characteristic of a cardiac malformation associated with left-to-right shunting is increased blood flow to the lungs. This increased flow can lead to pulmonary hypertension and heart failure if left untreated. Elevated hematocrit (Choice A) is not a typical characteristic of this condition. Severe growth retardation (Choice B) is not directly associated with left-to-right shunting. Clubbing of the fingers and toes (Choice C) is more commonly seen in conditions involving chronic hypoxia.
4. A 6-month-old infant is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. What explanation should the nurse provide to the parents about this condition?
- A. It is a condition affecting the respiratory and digestive systems.
- B. It is an autoimmune disorder affecting multiple organs.
- C. It is a genetic disorder that can be managed with medication.
- D. It is a condition caused by prenatal exposure to toxins.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'It is a condition affecting the respiratory and digestive systems.' Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems. It is caused by a defective gene that leads to the production of thick and sticky mucus in these organs. This mucus can clog airways in the lungs and block the ducts in the pancreas, affecting digestion. Choice B is incorrect because cystic fibrosis is not an autoimmune disorder; it is a genetic condition. Choice C is partially correct in that cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder, but merely managing it with medication oversimplifies the comprehensive care needed for individuals with cystic fibrosis. Choice D is incorrect as cystic fibrosis is not caused by prenatal exposure to toxins but is a genetic condition inherited from parents.
5. A home care nurse is visiting a family for the first time. The 4-week-old infant had surgery for exstrophy of the bladder and creation of an ileal conduit soon after birth. When the nurse arrives, the mother appears tired, and the baby is crying. After an introduction, which is the most appropriate statement by the nurse?
- A. “Tell me about your daily routine.â€
- B. “You look tired. Is everything alright?â€
- C. “When was the last time the baby had a bottle?â€
- D. “Oh, it looks like you two are having a bad day.â€
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Asking about the daily routine is the most appropriate statement by the nurse in this scenario. It allows the nurse to gather important information about the family's schedule, feeding patterns, and overall care routine for the infant. This open-ended question helps the nurse assess the family's situation comprehensively and identify any areas where support may be needed. Choices B, C, and D are less appropriate as they do not focus on gathering relevant information about the family's routine and needs but rather make assumptions or ask about specific isolated events.
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