HESI LPN
HESI Pediatrics Quizlet
1. One principle to be followed for children with type 1 diabetes is to provide for the variability of the child’s activity. What should the nurse teach the child about how to compensate for increased physical activity?
- A. Eat more food when planning to exercise more than usual.
- B. Take oral, not injectable insulin, on days of heavy exercise.
- C. Take insulin in the morning when extra exercise is anticipated.
- D. Eat foods that contain sugar to compensate for the extra exercise.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to eat more food when planning to exercise more than usual. Increased physical activity requires more energy, so additional food intake is necessary to compensate for the increased energy expenditure. This helps maintain blood sugar levels within the target range. Choice B is incorrect because the mode of insulin administration does not change based on physical activity; the type and dose of insulin remain the same unless adjusted by a healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect because insulin timing should not be adjusted solely based on anticipated exercise; consistent timing of insulin doses is crucial for stable blood sugar control. Choice D is incorrect because consuming foods with sugar may lead to unstable blood sugar levels and is not the recommended way to compensate for extra exercise, as it can result in sudden spikes and drops in blood glucose levels, affecting overall diabetes management.
2. When assessing the perfusion status of a 2-year-old child with possible shock, which of the following parameters would be LEAST reliable?
- A. distal capillary refill
- B. systolic blood pressure
- C. skin color and temperature
- D. presence of peripheral pulses
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: systolic blood pressure. In young children, systolic blood pressure is the least reliable parameter for assessing perfusion status. Factors such as anxiety, crying, and fear can significantly affect blood pressure measurements, leading to inaccuracies. Distal capillary refill, skin color and temperature, and presence of peripheral pulses are more reliable indicators of perfusion status in pediatric patients. Distal capillary refill assesses peripheral perfusion, skin color, and temperature reflect tissue perfusion, and the presence of peripheral pulses indicates blood flow to the extremities. Therefore, when evaluating a 2-year-old child with possible shock, focusing on parameters other than systolic blood pressure is crucial for an accurate assessment of perfusion status.
3. A group of students is reviewing information about the endocrine system in infants and children. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they state:
- A. Endocrine glands begin developing during gestation.
- B. Endocrine glands are fully functional at birth.
- C. Infants may have difficulty regulating glucose and electrolytes.
- D. A child’s endocrine system plays a significant role in growth and development.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Infants may have difficulty regulating glucose and electrolytes due to their immature endocrine systems. This can lead to issues such as hypoglycemia and electrolyte imbalances. Choice A is incorrect because endocrine glands actually begin developing early in gestation, not just in the third trimester. Choice B is incorrect as endocrine glands are not fully functional at birth; they continue to mature and develop after birth. Choice D is incorrect as a child's endocrine system has a significant impact on growth and development through the secretion of hormones that regulate various processes in the body, but it does not specifically address the difficulty in regulating glucose and electrolytes seen in infants.
4. A 2-year-old child with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is being discharged. What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Maintain a structured routine
- B. Encourage social interaction
- C. Use positive reinforcement
- D. Use a communication board
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to maintain a structured routine. Children with autism spectrum disorder benefit from a structured routine as it provides them with stability and predictability, which can help reduce anxiety and improve behavior management. Encouraging social interaction (Choice B) may not be suitable for all children with autism, as some may struggle with social skills. While positive reinforcement (Choice C) is a helpful strategy, maintaining a structured routine is more essential for overall management in children with autism spectrum disorder. Using a communication board (Choice D) may be beneficial for communication, but establishing a structured routine is a foundational strategy that should be prioritized in the discharge teaching for a child with autism spectrum disorder.
5. When teaching a group of parents in the daycare center about accident prevention, the nurse explains that young toddlers are prone to injuries from falls. When receiving feedback, the nurse identifies that more teaching is needed when one parent states, 'I will:'
- A. keep medications in a medicine cabinet.
- B. have secured gates at entrances to staircases.
- C. move our child to a regular bed by the age of three.
- D. buy shoes that fasten with Velcro rather than laces.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Moving a child to a regular bed by the age of three can increase the risk of falls as young toddlers may not have the motor skills to safely navigate a larger bed. This indicates a need for more teaching on safety measures. Choices A, B, and D are all appropriate safety measures that can help prevent accidents and injuries in young children. Keeping medications in a medicine cabinet, having secured gates at entrances to staircases, and choosing shoes that fasten with Velcro instead of laces are all good practices to ensure a safe environment for toddlers.
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