HESI LPN
HESI Fundamentals 2023 Quizlet
1. A client is 1-day postoperative and reports a pain level of 10 on a scale of 0 to 10. After reviewing the client’s medication administration record, which of the following medications should be administered?
- A. Meperidine 75 mg IM
- B. Fentanyl 50 mcg/hr transdermal patch
- C. Morphine 2 mg IV
- D. Oxycodone 10 mg PO
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Morphine IV is the most appropriate choice for severe postoperative pain due to its rapid onset and effectiveness. Meperidine is not preferred due to its potential side effects, and fentanyl patches are typically used for chronic pain, not acute postoperative pain. Oxycodone taken orally is not ideal for providing immediate relief in this situation.
2. While observing a student nurse administering a narcotic analgesic IM injection without aspirating, what should the nurse do?
- A. Ask the student, 'What did you forget to do?'
- B. Stop and explain why aspiration is needed.
- C. Quietly state, 'You forgot to aspirate.'
- D. Walk up and whisper in the student's ear, 'Stop. Aspirate. Then inject.'
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When the nurse observes a student nurse making a mistake during a procedure, such as not aspirating before administering a medication, the nurse should provide immediate, discreet feedback to correct the error. Walking up and whispering in the student's ear to stop, aspirate, and then inject is appropriate as it corrects the mistake while maintaining the student's dignity and confidence. Option A is not as effective as it indirectly addresses the issue. Option B is not the best approach as the student needs immediate correction. Option C is not ideal as loudly stating the mistake may embarrass the student and is not necessary for a discreet correction.
3. The healthcare provider is caring for a client with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which symptom would be most concerning?
- A. Pain in the affected leg
- B. Redness and warmth in the affected leg
- C. Shortness of breath
- D. Swelling in the affected leg
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Shortness of breath is the most concerning symptom in a client with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) because it could indicate a pulmonary embolism. A pulmonary embolism is a serious complication of DVT where a blood clot travels to the lungs and can be life-threatening. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent further complications. Pain, redness, warmth, and swelling in the affected leg are common symptoms of DVT itself but do not pose the same level of immediate danger as the potential for a pulmonary embolism.
4. Which goal is most appropriate for a patient who has had a total hip replacement?
- A. The patient will ambulate briskly on the treadmill by the time of discharge.
- B. The patient will walk 100 feet using a walker by the time of discharge.
- C. The nurse will assist the patient to ambulate in the hall 2 times a day.
- D. The patient will ambulate by the time of discharge.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The goal 'The patient will walk 100 feet using a walker by the time of discharge' is the most appropriate goal for a patient who has had a total hip replacement because it is specific, measurable, achievable, and individualized. This goal sets a clear target for the patient's mobility progress post-surgery. Choice A is too vague and does not provide a specific target distance or method of ambulation. Choice C focuses on the nurse's actions rather than the patient's progress. Choice D lacks specificity in terms of distance or assistance required, making it less measurable and individualized compared to Choice B.
5. A group member is being taught about expected changes of aging by a nurse. Which statement by the group member shows effective learning?
- A. ''I should expect my heart rate to take longer to return to normal after excessive exercise as I get older.''
- B. ''I should expect my vision to improve as I age.''
- C. ''I should expect my skin to become more elastic as I age.''
- D. ''I should expect my hearing to become more acute as I age.''
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Choice A is the correct answer because as individuals age, there is a normal decline in cardiac efficiency, leading to a slower return to baseline heart rate after exercise. This statement demonstrates an understanding of an expected change related to aging. Choice B is incorrect as vision typically declines with age due to changes in the eye's structure. Choice C is incorrect because aging usually leads to a decrease in skin elasticity. Choice D is incorrect as hearing tends to decline rather than become more acute with age.
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