HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI 2024
1. What should be the focus of nursing activity for the mother of an 8-year-old girl with a broken arm, who is the nurturer in the family?
- A. Teaching proper care procedures
- B. Dealing with insurance coverage
- C. Determining the success of treatment
- D. Transmitting information to family members
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Teaching proper care procedures. In this scenario, focusing on teaching the mother proper care procedures is crucial as she is the nurturer in the family and will likely be the primary caregiver for the child. This will empower her to provide appropriate care and support for her daughter during the recovery process. Choices B, C, and D are not the most appropriate activities for the mother in this situation. Dealing with insurance coverage, determining treatment success, and transmitting information to family members are important but not as directly relevant to the immediate care needs of the child's broken arm.
2. When caring for a child diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, what is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Administering pain medication
- B. Ensuring adequate hydration
- C. Providing nutritional support
- D. Monitoring vital signs
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention when caring for a child with sickle cell anemia is administering pain medication. Pain management is crucial in sickle cell anemia due to vaso-occlusive crises that can cause severe pain. While ensuring adequate hydration, providing nutritional support, and monitoring vital signs are important aspects of care for a child with sickle cell anemia, addressing the pain with appropriate medication takes precedence to alleviate the child's suffering and improve their quality of life.
3. An infant with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is admitted to the pediatric unit. What does the nurse expect when palpating the infant’s abdomen?
- A. A distended colon
- B. Marked tenderness around the umbilicus
- C. An olive-sized mass in the right upper quadrant
- D. Rhythmic peristaltic waves in the lower abdomen
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When palpating the abdomen of an infant with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS), the nurse would expect to feel an olive-sized mass in the right upper quadrant. This finding is characteristic of HPS due to the hypertrophied pylorus muscle. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. A distended colon is not typically associated with HPS. Marked tenderness around the umbilicus is not a specific finding of HPS. Rhythmic peristaltic waves in the lower abdomen are not expected in HPS, as the condition primarily affects the pylorus region of the stomach.
4. A healthcare provider is assessing a child with suspected pneumonia. What clinical manifestation is the provider likely to observe?
- A. Cough
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Rash
- D. Vomiting
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A cough is a common clinical manifestation of pneumonia. Pneumonia often presents with symptoms such as cough, fever, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. The inflammation and infection in the lungs lead to the characteristic cough observed in patients with pneumonia. Diarrhea, rash, and vomiting are not typically associated with pneumonia and are less likely to be observed in a child with this condition.
5. A 6-year-old child with asthma is admitted to the hospital with an acute exacerbation. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Administering a bronchodilator
- B. Administering an antihistamine
- C. Administering a corticosteroid
- D. Administering oxygen
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Administering a bronchodilator is the priority intervention for a child experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation. Bronchodilators help to dilate the airways, making breathing easier and relieving acute symptoms of asthma. Antihistamines are not the first-line treatment for asthma exacerbations; they are more commonly used for allergic reactions. Corticosteroids are beneficial in reducing inflammation in asthma but are usually administered after bronchodilators to provide long-term control. Oxygen therapy may be necessary in severe cases of asthma exacerbation, but bronchodilators take precedence in improving airway patency and respiratory distress.
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