HESI LPN
Nutrition Final Exam Quizlet
1. What is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in toddlers?
- A. Excessive thirst
- B. Frequent, painful urination
- C. Increased appetite
- D. Skin rash
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Frequent, painful urination is a common sign of a urinary tract infection in toddlers. This symptom is often accompanied by possible fever and irritability. Excessive thirst (Choice A) is not a typical sign of a UTI in toddlers and is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes. Increased appetite (Choice C) is not a typical symptom of a UTI in toddlers either. Skin rash (Choice D) is not a common sign of a UTI but may indicate other conditions like allergies or infections.
2. How should a healthcare professional manage a child with a newly inserted central venous catheter?
- A. Monitor for signs of infection
- B. Restrict all physical activity
- C. Administer routine antibiotics
- D. Increase fluid intake only
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring for signs of infection is crucial in managing a central venous catheter to prevent complications. This involves observing for redness, swelling, warmth, or drainage at the catheter site, as these can indicate an infection. Restricting physical activity unnecessarily (choice B) can hinder the child's recovery and quality of life. Administering routine antibiotics (choice C) without a confirmed infection can lead to antibiotic resistance and unnecessary side effects. Increasing fluid intake only (choice D) is not the primary intervention for managing a central venous catheter.
3. Parents of a 6-month-old child, diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia, ask why it was not diagnosed earlier. What should the nurse say?
- A. Are you sure your child has iron deficiency anemia?
- B. Maternal stores of iron are depleted at about 6 months.
- C. This anemia is caused by blood loss.
- D. The child may not have had it for a long time.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Maternal stores of iron are depleted at about 6 months.' Iron deficiency anemia becomes apparent around 6 months of age when the infant's iron stores, primarily received from the mother during pregnancy, are depleted. This timing coincides with the introduction of solid foods, which may lack sufficient iron. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific reason why iron deficiency anemia is typically diagnosed around 6 months of age.
4. What does a positive correlation between two variables indicate?
- A. One variable causes the other.
- B. Both variables move in the same direction.
- C. Both variables move in opposite directions.
- D. There is no relationship between the variables.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A positive correlation between two variables indicates that they move in the same direction. This means that as one variable increases (or decreases), the other variable also increases (or decreases). Choice A is incorrect because correlation does not imply causation; it only shows a relationship between variables. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a negative correlation where variables move in opposite directions. Choice D is incorrect as a positive correlation implies a relationship between the variables.
5. What is a long-term complication of cleft lip and palate?
- A. Cognitive impairment
- B. Altered growth and development
- C. Faulty dentition
- D. Physical abilities
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct long-term complication of cleft lip and palate is faulty dentition. Individuals with cleft lip and palate may experience dental issues such as missing, extra, or misaligned teeth, which can affect speech and the aesthetic appearance of the mouth. Cognitive impairment, as mentioned in choice A, is not a typical long-term complication associated with cleft lip and palate. While altered growth and development (choice B) can be affected during early stages, it is not a prominent long-term complication. Choice D, physical abilities, is not directly related to the typical long-term complications of cleft lip and palate.
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