HESI LPN
Nutrition Final Exam Quizlet
1. Which of the following is an example of a macronutrient?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Iron
- C. Calcium
- D. Fiber
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fiber. Macronutrients are nutrients required by the body in larger amounts, and they include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that falls under this category. Vitamin C (choice A) is a water-soluble vitamin, Iron (choice B) is a mineral, and Calcium (choice C) is also a mineral, not a macronutrient. Therefore, Fiber is the only macronutrient listed in the choices.
2. What is a primary concern for a child with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?
- A. Increased growth rate
- B. Risk of hyperglycemia
- C. Risk of dehydration
- D. Improved appetite
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Risk of hyperglycemia. When a child is newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, one of the primary concerns is the risk of hyperglycemia, which refers to high blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia can lead to various complications if not managed properly, making it crucial to stabilize blood glucose levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increased growth rate, risk of dehydration, and improved appetite are not primary concerns specifically associated with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
3. How should a healthcare professional manage a child with a newly inserted central venous catheter?
- A. Monitor for signs of infection
- B. Restrict all physical activity
- C. Administer routine antibiotics
- D. Increase fluid intake only
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring for signs of infection is crucial in managing a central venous catheter to prevent complications. This involves observing for redness, swelling, warmth, or drainage at the catheter site, as these can indicate an infection. Restricting physical activity unnecessarily (choice B) can hinder the child's recovery and quality of life. Administering routine antibiotics (choice C) without a confirmed infection can lead to antibiotic resistance and unnecessary side effects. Increasing fluid intake only (choice D) is not the primary intervention for managing a central venous catheter.
4. What is a common complication of untreated asthma in children?
- A. Delayed puberty
- B. Growth retardation
- C. Chronic sinusitis
- D. Frequent headaches
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chronic sinusitis. Untreated asthma can lead to chronic sinusitis in children due to prolonged inflammation and infection of the respiratory tract. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Delayed puberty and growth retardation are not common complications of untreated asthma in children. Frequent headaches may be associated with asthma exacerbations but are not typical long-term complications.
5. What is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in toddlers?
- A. Excessive thirst
- B. Frequent, painful urination
- C. Increased appetite
- D. Skin rash
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Frequent, painful urination is a common sign of a urinary tract infection in toddlers. This symptom is often accompanied by possible fever and irritability. Excessive thirst (Choice A) is not a typical sign of a UTI in toddlers and is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes. Increased appetite (Choice C) is not a typical symptom of a UTI in toddlers either. Skin rash (Choice D) is not a common sign of a UTI but may indicate other conditions like allergies or infections.
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