HESI LPN
HESI PN Nutrition Practice Exam
1. How should a caregiver manage a child with a newly diagnosed hearing impairment?
- A. Increase the volume of all auditory stimuli
- B. Refer for audiologic evaluation and intervention
- C. Avoid using any assistive devices
- D. Encourage frequent use of headphones
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a child is newly diagnosed with a hearing impairment, it is essential to refer them for audiologic evaluation and intervention. This step is crucial to accurately assess the extent of the impairment, determine appropriate interventions, and support the child's communication and development. Increasing the volume of all auditory stimuli (choice A) is not a recommended approach as it may not address the specific needs of the child and could potentially cause discomfort. Avoiding the use of assistive devices (choice C) can hinder the child's ability to communicate effectively. Encouraging frequent use of headphones (choice D) is also not advisable as it may not be suitable for managing hearing impairments and could potentially worsen the condition.
2. The parents of a child with sickle cell anemia ask why their child experiences pain. What is the most likely cause?
- A. Inflammation of the vessels
- B. Obstructed blood flow
- C. Overhydration
- D. Stress-related headaches
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In sickle cell anemia, pain is primarily caused by the obstruction of blood flow by sickle-shaped cells. This obstruction leads to inadequate oxygen supply to tissues, resulting in tissue damage and pain. Choice A, inflammation of the vessels, is incorrect as it is not the primary cause of pain in sickle cell anemia. Choice C, overhydration, is unrelated to the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia and would not lead to the characteristic pain experienced. Choice D, stress-related headaches, is also unrelated to the underlying mechanisms of pain in sickle cell anemia.
3. Following diarrhea, which foods should be offered to the school-age child?
- A. Apricots and peaches
- B. Chocolate milk
- C. Applesauce and milk
- D. Bananas and rice
Correct answer: D
Rationale: After a bout of diarrhea, it is important to offer foods that are gentle on the stomach and help in recovery. Bananas and rice are commonly recommended as they are easily digestible and can help firm up stools. Apricots, peaches, and applesauce may be too acidic and fibrous, potentially aggravating the stomach. Chocolate milk is high in sugar and can worsen diarrhea due to its lactose content.
4. What is a common complication of untreated type 1 diabetes in children?
- A. Diabetic ketoacidosis
- B. High blood pressure
- C. Asthma
- D. Frequent infections
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of untreated type 1 diabetes in children. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels, ketones in the urine, and acidosis. Prompt medical attention is required to manage this condition. High blood pressure (Choice B) can be a complication of diabetes but is not as directly linked to untreated type 1 diabetes as diabetic ketoacidosis. Asthma (Choice C) and frequent infections (Choice D) are not typically associated with untreated type 1 diabetes in children.
5. What is one characteristic that differentiates vitamins from minerals?
- A. Vitamins are organic compounds.
- B. Vitamins provide energy.
- C. Vitamins are considered micronutrients.
- D. Vitamins are essential in small amounts.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Vitamins are organic compounds, containing carbon, which is a key characteristic that differentiates them from minerals. Choice B is incorrect because vitamins do not provide energy; they are not a source of calories. Choice C is incorrect as both vitamins and minerals are considered micronutrients due to being essential in small amounts. Choice D is incorrect because while it is true that vitamins are needed in small amounts, this is not the characteristic that sets them apart from minerals.
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