HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Study Guide
1. The Healthy People initiative is a national agenda that aims to:
- A. Provide healthcare to all citizens
- B. Reduce health disparities and improve the health of all Americans
- C. Promote medical research
- D. Develop new healthcare technologies
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The Healthy People initiative is a national agenda that focuses on reducing health disparities and improving the health of all Americans. Choice A is incorrect because the initiative is more about improving health outcomes and access rather than providing healthcare to all citizens. Choice C is not the main goal of the initiative, which is more about public health goals than medical research. Choice D is also not the primary aim of the Healthy People initiative, as it is more focused on setting objectives to improve public health.
2. Joseph, 45 years of age, a community resident of Barangay 22-A, suddenly had 2 bouts of soft to almost watery stools after having taken his lunch. While observing his condition further at home and later deciding whether to refer him for medical treatment, you recommended that he boil a decoction for 15 minutes at low fire using 10-15 leaves of which medicinal plant?
- A. Bayabas
- B. Pancit pacitan
- C. Sambong
- D. Lagundi
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Bayabas (guava) leaves. Guava leaves are known for their anti-diarrheal properties, which can help alleviate Joseph's condition. Pancit pacitan, Sambong, and Lagundi are not commonly used for treating diarrhea and do not possess the same anti-diarrheal properties as guava leaves.
3. A client with chronic renal failure is receiving peritoneal dialysis. The nurse should assess the client for which of the following complications?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Hypernatremia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperglycemia. In peritoneal dialysis, hyperglycemia can occur due to the glucose content of the dialysate solution. This high glucose concentration can lead to increased blood sugar levels in the client. Option A, Hypertension, is a common complication in chronic renal failure but is not directly related to peritoneal dialysis. Option C, Hypokalemia, is more commonly associated with loop diuretics or inadequate potassium intake. Option D, Hypernatremia, is more often seen in conditions of excessive sodium intake or water loss, rather than in peritoneal dialysis.
4. In combating myths and misconceptions about family planning in the community, what should you do first as a health educator?
- A. Identify the influential leaders of the community
- B. Select an approach to be used in correcting myths and misconceptions
- C. Decide who will be involved in the conference
- D. Identify myths and misconceptions prevailing in the community and their sources
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to identify myths and misconceptions prevailing in the community and their sources. This is the initial step in addressing misconceptions effectively. By understanding the specific myths and where they originate from, a health educator can tailor their approach to correct these misconceptions. Choice A is incorrect because while influential leaders can play a role, identifying myths comes first. Choice B is incorrect as selecting an approach should come after understanding the myths. Choice C is incorrect as deciding who will be involved in a conference is not the primary step in combating myths and misconceptions.
5. Which of the following is a major focus of tertiary prevention?
- A. Preventing the onset of disease
- B. Early detection and treatment
- C. Reducing the impact of an ongoing illness
- D. Health education
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Reducing the impact of an ongoing illness.' Tertiary prevention aims to minimize the effects of a disease or condition that is already established. Choices A, 'Preventing the onset of disease,' and B, 'Early detection and treatment,' are aspects of primary and secondary prevention, respectively. Choice D, 'Health education,' is more related to promoting awareness and knowledge rather than specifically focusing on reducing the impact of an ongoing illness.
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