HESI LPN
HESI Fundamentals Test Bank
1. A client with diabetes mellitus is admitted with a blood glucose level of 600 mg/dL. What is the priority nursing action for the LPN/LVN?
- A. Administer insulin as prescribed.
- B. Administer oral hypoglycemic agents.
- C. Monitor blood glucose levels frequently.
- D. Provide a high-calorie diet.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to administer insulin as prescribed. When a client with diabetes mellitus presents with a critically high blood glucose level like 600 mg/dL, the priority action is to lower the blood glucose level promptly to prevent complications. Insulin is the appropriate medication to rapidly reduce high blood glucose levels. Administering oral hypoglycemic agents may not act quickly enough in this critical situation. While monitoring blood glucose levels frequently is important, immediate intervention to lower the high blood glucose level takes precedence. Providing a high-calorie diet is contraindicated in this scenario as it would further elevate the blood glucose level.
2. The nurse is providing education about the importance of proper foot care to a patient diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which primary goal is the nurse trying to achieve?
- A. Prevention of plantar warts
- B. Prevention of foot fungus
- C. Prevention of neuropathy
- D. Prevention of amputation
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Prevention of amputation. Patients with diabetes are at a higher risk of foot complications, such as ulcers, infections, and ultimately, amputations. Proper foot care education aims to prevent these serious complications. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while they are also important aspects of foot care, the primary goal in diabetes management is to prevent severe outcomes like amputation.
3. A nurse is providing teaching to an older adult client about home safety. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. “Keep a nightlight on in the bathroom”
- B. “Set room temperature to 68 degrees Fahrenheit”
- C. “Place throw rugs over electrical cords”
- D. “Use chairs without armrests”
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Keep a nightlight on in the bathroom.' This safety measure is crucial for older adults to prevent falls by enhancing visibility during nighttime bathroom visits. Choice B is incorrect because setting the room temperature to 68 degrees Fahrenheit may not be universally suitable for all older adults, as individual preferences vary. Choice C is incorrect as placing throw rugs over electrical cords poses a tripping hazard rather than enhancing safety. Choice D is incorrect as using chairs without armrests may not provide adequate support and stability for older adults, increasing the risk of falls.
4. A newly licensed nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client. The nurse notes that the provider has prescribed a medication that is unfamiliar. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Consult the medication reference book available on the unit.
- B. Administer the medication as ordered.
- C. Ask a colleague for information about the medication.
- D. Contact the provider to clarify the medication.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When encountering an unfamiliar medication, the safest action for a nurse is to consult the medication reference book available on the unit. This resource provides accurate and detailed information about medications, including indications, dosages, side effects, and nursing considerations. Administering a medication without understanding it (choice B) can lead to medication errors and harm to the client. Asking a colleague for information (choice C) may not always provide accurate or up-to-date information. Contacting the provider (choice D) should be reserved for situations where immediate clarification is needed, but consulting the reference book is the initial step to gain knowledge and ensure safe medication administration.
5. A nurse is counseling a young adult who describes having difficulty dealing with several issues. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as the priority to assess further?
- A. “I have my own apartment now, but it’s not easy living away from my guardians.”
- B. “It’s been so stressful for me to even think about having my own family.”
- C. “I don’t even know who I am yet, and now I’m supposed to know what to do.”
- D. “My partner is pregnant, and I don’t think I have what it takes to be a good parent.”
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The statement about feeling unprepared to be a good parent indicates a significant concern that may need further assessment and support. This statement raises issues regarding the individual's readiness for parenthood and potential impact on the partner and the unborn child. Choices A, B, and C, while important, do not present immediate concerns regarding the well-being of another individual and do not raise potential risks that could have a direct impact on others.
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