HESI LPN
HESI Fundamentals Practice Questions
1. A client in a provider’s office tells the nurse that, 'I fast for several days each week to help control my weight.' The client takes several medications for various chronic issues. The nurse should explain to the client that which of the following mechanisms that result from fasting puts her at risk for medication toxicity?
- A. Increasing the metabolism of the medications over time
- B. Increasing the protein-binding response
- C. Increasing medications’ transit time through the intestines
- D. Decreasing the excretion of medications
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Fasting can lead to an increased protein-binding response of medications. This can result in a higher concentration of bound medications in the bloodstream, potentially causing toxicity as the medications may not be readily available for metabolism or excretion. Choice A is incorrect because fasting typically doesn't increase medication metabolism. Choice C is incorrect as fasting usually decreases transit time through the intestines. Choice D is incorrect since fasting generally does not decrease medication excretion.
2. Which of the following statements about CHN is wrong?
- A. CHN synthesizes public health with nursing
- B. CHN emphasizes health
- C. Promoting clients' autonomy is a responsibility of public nursing
- D. CHN makes a unique contribution to health care not by the nature of its practice but where it is practiced
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The statement in option D is incorrect. The unique contribution of Community Health Nursing (CHN) is not only where it is practiced but also by the nature of its practice. CHN's distinct value lies in its approach to care delivery, focusing on preventive care, health promotion, and addressing the needs of specific communities. Options A and B are correct as CHN involves synthesizing public health principles with nursing practice and emphasizes holistic health. Option C is incorrect as promoting clients' autonomy is a fundamental aspect of community health nursing, respecting individuals' rights to make decisions about their health.
3. While caring for a client with bilateral chest tubes, the bubbling in the water-seal chamber of the right chest tube stops. What action is most important for the nurse to take?
- A. Check the chest tube connections to the water-seal container
- B. Replace the water-seal collection container
- C. Increase the amount of wall suction connected to the right chest tube
- D. Milk the tubing connected to the right chest tube
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most important action for the nurse to take when the bubbling in the water-seal chamber of the right chest tube stops is to check the chest tube connections to the water-seal container. This is crucial to ensure there are no disconnections or leaks affecting the bubbling. Replacing the water-seal collection container (choice B) is not necessary unless there is a malfunction; increasing suction (choice C) without assessing the connections can be harmful, and 'milking' the tubing (choice D) is an inappropriate action that can cause damage to the system.
4. What is the primary intervention for a child experiencing a tonic-clonic seizure?
- A. Administer intravenous fluids
- B. Place the child in a prone position
- C. Protect the child from injury
- D. Perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The primary intervention for a child experiencing a tonic-clonic seizure is to protect them from injury. Placing the child in a prone position can be dangerous as it may lead to further harm due to the risk of aspiration or airway obstruction. Administering intravenous fluids is not recommended during a seizure. Performing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is also not indicated as the child will resume breathing spontaneously after the seizure stops. Ensuring the child's safety and preventing injury by removing harmful objects and cushioning their head is essential until the seizure subsides.
5. A healthcare provider is preparing to perform mouth care for an unresponsive client. Which of the following actions should the healthcare provider plan to take?
- A. Raise the level of the bed
- B. Administer mouth care with the client in a supine position
- C. Use a tongue depressor to open the mouth
- D. Place the client in a prone position
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Raising the bed level is the correct action to facilitate easier access for mouth care in an unresponsive client. This position enhances the safety and comfort of both the client and the healthcare provider. Administering mouth care with the client in a supine position (lying flat on their back) can increase the risk of aspiration. Using a tongue depressor to open the mouth is not recommended as it can cause discomfort and potential injury. Placing the client in a prone position (lying face down) is contraindicated for mouth care and can compromise the client's airway.