HESI LPN
HESI CAT Exam Quizlet
1. A 10-year-old who has terminal brain cancer asks the nurse, 'What will happen to my body when I die?' How should the nurse respond?
- A. The heart will stop beating, and you will stop breathing.
- B. You will go to sleep and not wake up.
- C. Your body will stop functioning, and you will no longer feel pain.
- D. You will feel very tired, and your body will shut down slowly.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it provides a truthful yet sensitive response to the child's question. Saying that the body will stop functioning and that there will be no more pain helps the child understand what to expect without unnecessary details or causing distress. Choice A is too technical and may not be suitable for a child. Choice B might give the impression of a peaceful passing, which may not always be the case. Choice D introduces the concept of feeling tired, which might not be accurate or helpful in this context.
2. What is a common sign of a urinary tract infection in older children?
- A. Frequent urination
- B. Increased appetite
- C. Elevated blood pressure
- D. Decreased energy levels
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Frequent urination is a common sign of a urinary tract infection in older children. It is often accompanied by other symptoms such as pain or discomfort. Increased appetite (Choice B) is not typically associated with urinary tract infections. Elevated blood pressure (Choice C) is more commonly linked to conditions like hypertension, not urinary tract infections. Decreased energy levels (Choice D) can be a sign of various health issues but are not a typical symptom of a urinary tract infection.
3. When assessing a patient's feet, the nurse notices that the toenails are thick and separated from the nail bed. What does the nurse most likely suspect is the cause of this condition?
- A. Fungi
- B. Friction
- C. Nail polish
- D. Nail polish remover
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The nurse would most likely suspect fungi as the cause of thickened and separated toenails. Fungal infections can lead to changes in the nail structure, causing them to thicken and separate from the nail bed. Friction, nail polish, and nail polish remover are less likely to cause these specific nail changes. Friction typically leads to calluses or blisters, while nail polish and nail polish remover do not commonly result in thickened and separated toenails.
4. What is the most important action for the LPN/LVN to take to prevent infection in a client with an indwelling urinary catheter?
- A. Ensure the catheter tubing is free of kinks.
- B. Change the catheter every 72 hours.
- C. Clean the perineal area with an antiseptic solution daily.
- D. Irrigate the catheter with normal saline every shift.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most crucial action to prevent infection in a client with an indwelling urinary catheter is to ensure the catheter tubing is free of kinks. This step helps prevent obstruction in the tubing, maintaining proper urine flow and reducing the risk of infection. Changing the catheter every 72 hours is not recommended unless clinically indicated, as routine changes can increase the risk of introducing pathogens. Cleaning the perineal area with an antiseptic solution is essential for general hygiene but does not directly prevent catheter-related infections. Irrigating the catheter with normal saline every shift is not a standard practice and can introduce microorganisms into the urinary tract, increasing the risk of infection.
5. After surgery to correct hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) in a 3-week-old infant who had been formula-fed, which postoperative feeding order is appropriate?
- A. Thickened formula 24 hours after surgery
- B. Withholding feedings for the first 24 hours
- C. Regular formula feeding within 24 hours after surgery
- D. Additional glucose feedings as desired after the first 24 hours
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Following surgery for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) in infants, it is appropriate to resume regular formula feeding within 24 hours postoperatively to support recovery. This helps maintain adequate nutrition and hydration for the infant. Choice A is incorrect because thickened formula may not be necessary and could potentially cause issues postoperatively. Choice B is incorrect as withholding feedings for the first 24 hours can lead to nutritional deficiencies and delay recovery. Choice D is inappropriate as additional glucose feedings are not typically indicated postoperatively for infants with HPS and may not provide the necessary nutrition needed for recovery.