Nursing Elites

1. When explaining exercise in type 1 diabetes to the parents of a newly diagnosed child, what should the nurse emphasize?

• A. Exercise will increase blood glucose levels
• B. Exercise should be restricted
• C. Extra snacks are needed before exercise
• D. Extra insulin is required during exercise

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In children with type 1 diabetes, it is essential to emphasize the need for extra snacks before exercise to prevent hypoglycemia. Choice A is incorrect because exercise typically lowers blood glucose levels, not increases them. Choice B is inappropriate as exercise is beneficial but needs to be managed carefully. Choice D is inaccurate as extra insulin during exercise can lead to hypoglycemia.

2. What would be important for the nurse to include when teaching an adolescent about tinea pedis?

• A. Keep your feet moist and exposed to the air as much as possible.
• B. Dry the area between your toes thoroughly.
• C. Wear nylon or synthetic socks every day.
• D. Walk barefoot in the school locker room.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Dry the area between your toes thoroughly.' When educating an adolescent about tinea pedis, emphasis should be placed on keeping the feet dry, especially between the toes, to minimize the risk of fungal infection. Choice A is incorrect as keeping the feet moist can exacerbate the condition. Choice C is incorrect because nylon or synthetic socks can trap moisture, promoting fungal growth. Choice D is incorrect as walking barefoot in locker rooms increases the risk of contracting tinea pedis from contaminated surfaces.

3. When developing the plan of care for a child with burns requiring fluid replacement therapy, what information would the nurse expect to include?

• A. Administration of colloid initially followed by a crystalloid
• B. Determination of fluid replacement based on the type of burn
• C. Administration of most of the volume during the first 8 hours
• D. Monitoring of hourly urine output to achieve less than 1 mL/kg/hr

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. In fluid replacement therapy for burns, it is crucial to administer most of the volume during the first 8 hours to prevent shock and maintain perfusion. This rapid administration is essential to stabilize the child's condition. Choices A and B are incorrect because the initial fluid replacement in burns typically involves administering crystalloids, not colloids, and the fluid replacement is generally calculated based on the extent of the burn injury, not the type of burn. Choice D is incorrect as monitoring hourly urine output to achieve less than 1 mL/kg/hr is not recommended in burn patients; instead, urine output should be monitored to achieve 1-2 mL/kg/hr in children to ensure adequate renal perfusion.

4. The caregiver is teaching the mother of a toddler about burn prevention. Which response by the mother indicates a need for further teaching?

• A. We will leave fireworks displays to the professionals.
• B. I will set our water heater at 130 degrees.
• C. All sleepwear should be flame retardant.
• D. The handles of pots on the stove should face inward.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Setting the water heater at 130 degrees can lead to scald burns. The recommended temperature setting for water heaters is no higher than 120 degrees to prevent burns. Choice A is correct as it shows awareness of the risks of fireworks. Choice C is correct as flame-retardant sleepwear can help prevent burns. Choice D is correct as inward-facing pot handles prevent accidental spills and burns. Option B is incorrect due to the unsafe water heater temperature setting.

5. A child with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis is admitted to the hospital. What is the priority nursing intervention?

• A. Administering pancreatic enzymes
• B. Providing respiratory therapy
• C. Providing nutritional support
• D. Encouraging physical activity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is administering pancreatic enzymes. In cystic fibrosis, there is a deficiency in pancreatic enzymes, leading to poor digestion and malabsorption of nutrients. Administering pancreatic enzymes is essential to ensure proper digestion and absorption of nutrients. Providing respiratory therapy and nutritional support are important aspects of care for a child with cystic fibrosis, but addressing the pancreatic enzyme deficiency takes priority in this scenario. Encouraging physical activity is beneficial for overall health but is not the priority intervention in this case.

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