HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI Test Bank
1. A child has been diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome, and a nurse is providing care. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Administering diuretics
- B. Monitoring urine output
- C. Administering corticosteroids
- D. Restricting fluid intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention when caring for a child with nephrotic syndrome is monitoring urine output. This is essential for assessing kidney function and managing the condition effectively. Administering diuretics (Choice A) may be a part of the treatment plan but should not be the priority over monitoring urine output. Administering corticosteroids (Choice C) may also be a treatment for nephrotic syndrome, but monitoring urine output takes precedence. Restricting fluid intake (Choice D) may be necessary in some cases, but it is not the priority intervention compared to monitoring urine output for early detection of changes in kidney function.
2. A healthcare provider is assessing a child with suspected bacterial meningitis. What clinical manifestation is the healthcare provider likely to observe?
- A. Photophobia
- B. High fever
- C. Rash
- D. Nasal congestion
Correct answer: B
Rationale: High fever is a key clinical manifestation of bacterial meningitis due to the inflammatory response in the meninges. Photophobia, choice A, is also commonly observed due to meningeal irritation, but it is not as specific as high fever. Rash, choice C, is more indicative of conditions like meningococcal meningitis rather than bacterial meningitis. Nasal congestion, choice D, is not typically associated with bacterial meningitis. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
3. Which medication is typically used for long-term control of asthma?
- A. Albuterol
- B. Theophylline
- C. Ipratropium
- D. Prednisone
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Theophylline. Theophylline is commonly used for long-term control of asthma by relaxing the muscles around the airways to keep them open, making breathing easier. Albuterol (choice A) is a short-acting bronchodilator for quick relief of asthma symptoms, not for long-term control. Ipratropium (choice C) is another short-acting bronchodilator that helps open the airways but is not typically used for long-term control. Prednisone (choice D) is a corticosteroid usually used for short periods to control asthma exacerbations or flare-ups, not as a long-term control medication.
4. During a physical examination of an infant with Down syndrome, what anomaly should the healthcare provider assess the child for?
- A. Bulging fontanels
- B. Stiff lower extremities
- C. Abnormal heart sounds
- D. Unusual pupillary reactions
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Infants with Down syndrome are at increased risk of congenital heart defects. Therefore, assessing for abnormal heart sounds is crucial during the physical examination. Bulging fontanels are not typically associated with Down syndrome and may indicate increased intracranial pressure. Stiff lower extremities are not a common finding in Down syndrome and may suggest other musculoskeletal issues. Unusual pupillary reactions are not typically linked to Down syndrome and may be indicative of neurological problems instead.
5. At a support meeting of parents of a teenager with polysubstance dependency, a parent states, 'Each time my son tries to quit taking drugs, he gets so depressed that I'm afraid he will commit suicide.' The nurse's response should be based on which information?
- A. Addiction is a chronic, incurable disease
- B. Tolerance to the effects of drugs causes feelings of depression
- C. Feelings of depression frequently lead to drug abuse and addiction
- D. Careful monitoring should be provided during withdrawal from the drugs
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The priority is to teach the parents that their son will need monitoring and support during withdrawal to ensure that he does not attempt suicide. Option A is incorrect because addiction can be managed and treated effectively with appropriate interventions. Option B is incorrect as tolerance to drugs causing depression is not the primary concern in this scenario. Option C is incorrect as while depression can be a risk factor for drug abuse, in this case, the focus is on the son's safety during withdrawal.