HESI LPN
HESI PN Nutrition Practice Exam
1. You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human experiments on vitamin C. As the subjects walk into the laboratory, you distribute all the vitamin C pill bottles to the girls and all the placebo pill bottles to the boys. What should you have done?
- A. Giving all the boys the vitamin C and the girls the placebo, and telling them what they were getting.
- B. Distributing the bottles randomly, randomizing the subjects, and telling them what they were getting.
- C. Telling the subjects which group they were in, but preventing yourself from knowing the contents of the pill bottles.
- D. Preventing yourself from knowing what is in the pill bottles, and distributing the bottles randomly to the subjects.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct approach in a scientific experiment is to prevent yourself from knowing the contents of the pill bottles and distribute them randomly to the subjects. This randomization helps to avoid bias and ensures that the results are not influenced by preconceived notions. Option A is incorrect because it introduces gender bias by assigning pills based on gender. Option B is incorrect as it mentions telling the subjects what they are getting, which could lead to placebo effects. Option C is incorrect as it suggests disclosing group information to the subjects, which can also introduce bias.
2. How does the home care nurse determine that a 78-year-old client is unable to remain in his current residence alone?
- A. The goals set by the client
- B. The learning level of the client
- C. Assessing the home environment
- D. The distractions in the client's home
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is assessing the home environment. This process is vital in evaluating whether an elderly client can safely live independently. Factors like safety hazards and the client's ability to handle daily activities are considered during this assessment. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because determining the client's ability to remain in his residence alone relies more on evaluating the home environment for safety and suitability rather than the client's goals, learning level, or distractions in the home.
3. The nurse is triaging clients who have been injured during a tornado. Which client requires immediate action?
- A. A young male with a minor laceration on his forearm.
- B. An elderly woman with a dislocated shoulder who is calm.
- C. A middle-aged female with a broken humerus who is unable to follow commands and is crying.
- D. A teenager with abrasions and a bruised knee.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The middle-aged female with a broken humerus who is unable to follow commands and is crying requires immediate action. These symptoms indicate a possible head injury or severe emotional distress that need urgent attention. Choice A is not as urgent since a minor laceration can be addressed after more critical cases. Choice B, although having a dislocated shoulder, is stable, as the client is calm. Choice D presents with minor injuries that can wait while more critical cases are addressed.
4. A client who is at 24 weeks of gestation is receiving teaching about expected changes during pregnancy. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Your stomach will empty rapidly
- B. You should expect your uterus to double in size
- C. You should anticipate nasal stuffiness
- D. Your nipples will become lighter in color
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Nasal stuffiness is a common symptom during pregnancy due to increased blood flow and hormonal changes. This symptom is caused by the increased blood volume and hormonal changes that lead to swelling of the nasal passages. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Stomach emptying rate does not significantly change during pregnancy; the uterus does not double in size at 24 weeks but rather grows steadily, and nipples typically darken in color due to increased pigmentation.
5. A client with hyperthyroidism is prescribed methimazole. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor for?
- A. Agranulocytosis
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Agranulocytosis. Methimazole, used to treat hyperthyroidism, can lead to agranulocytosis, a severe decrease in white blood cells. This condition increases the risk of infections and requires immediate medical attention. Hypoglycemia (choice B) is not a common adverse effect of methimazole. Bradycardia (choice C) is unlikely as methimazole tends to have minimal effects on heart rate. Hypercalcemia (choice D) is not associated with methimazole use.