what is an important consideration when administering medications to a child with a history of chronic renal failure

HESI LPN

Nutrition Final Exam Quizlet

1. What is an important consideration when administering medications to a child with a history of chronic renal failure?

A. Increased frequency of medication administration
B. Adjustments in dosage due to altered drug metabolism
C. Avoidance of all medications
D. Use of only intravenous medications

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When administering medications to a child with chronic renal failure, it is crucial to consider adjustments in dosage due to altered drug metabolism. Children with chronic renal failure may have impaired drug excretion, leading to potential drug accumulation and toxicity. Increasing the frequency of medication administration (choice A) may not address the altered drug metabolism issue and could increase the risk of adverse effects. Avoiding all medications (choice C) is not practical or safe as some medications may be necessary for the child's health. Using only intravenous medications (choice D) is not always required and may not be the best route of administration for all medications needed.

2. What is a primary concern for a child with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?

A. Increased growth rate
B. Risk of hyperglycemia
C. Risk of dehydration
D. Improved appetite

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Risk of hyperglycemia. When a child is newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, one of the primary concerns is the risk of hyperglycemia, which refers to high blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia can lead to various complications if not managed properly, making it crucial to stabilize blood glucose levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increased growth rate, risk of dehydration, and improved appetite are not primary concerns specifically associated with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

3. In what position should infants be placed to sleep to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

A. Right side-lying
B. Left side-lying
C. Prone
D. Supine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends placing infants on their backs (supine) to sleep to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This position has been shown to decrease the likelihood of SIDS occurrence. Placing infants on their right or left side (choices A and B) or prone (choice C) can increase the risk of SIDS as it may obstruct the infant's airway or lead to overheating, which are known risk factors for SIDS.

4. What does the term 'essential nutrient' refer to?

A. A nutrient that can be synthesized by the body.
B. A nutrient that is required for proper body functioning.
C. A nutrient that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot produce it.
D. A nutrient that can be stored in the body for long periods.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. An essential nutrient is a substance that is necessary for normal body functioning but cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by the body, therefore it must be obtained from the diet. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because essential nutrients are not synthesized by the body, they are necessary for body functioning, and they are not typically stored in the body for long periods.

5. Why must a child with acute laryngotracheobronchitis be kept NPO?

A. The epinephrine administration may cause nausea and vomiting
B. The child is being hydrated with IV fluids
C. The child may not feel hungry
D. Rapid respirations pose a risk for aspiration

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In acute laryngotracheobronchitis, rapid respirations increase the risk of aspiration due to compromised airway protection and potential for secretions to enter the lungs. Keeping the child NPO helps prevent the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Choice A is incorrect because epinephrine is not typically used for laryngotracheobronchitis. Choice B is incorrect as hydration with IV fluids does not eliminate the risk of aspiration. Choice C is also incorrect because the child being hungry is not the primary reason for keeping them NPO in this condition.