Nursing Elites

1. What is a key intervention for a child with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?

• A. Insulin administration
• B. Increased dietary fat intake
• C. Restricted fluid intake
• D. Routine physical examinations only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Insulin administration. When a child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, insulin administration is a crucial intervention. Insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels by enabling cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream. Without sufficient insulin, blood glucose levels can become dangerously high, leading to various complications. Increased dietary fat intake (choice B) is not a recommended intervention for type 1 diabetes management, as it can contribute to weight gain and other health issues. Restricted fluid intake (choice C) is also not appropriate, as adequate hydration is essential for overall health. Routine physical examinations (choice D) are important but are not the primary intervention needed to manage type 1 diabetes.

2. What is the term for the study of how diet affects gene expression?

• A. Epigenetics
• B. Nutrigenomics
• C. Genomics
• D. Genetics

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nutrigenomics is the study of how diet affects gene expression, influencing health outcomes and disease risk. Epigenetics (choice A) involves changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence. Genomics (choice C) is the study of an organism's entire genome. Genetics (choice D) is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

3. What is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in toddlers?

• A. Excessive thirst
• B. Frequent, painful urination
• C. Increased appetite
• D. Skin rash

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Frequent, painful urination is a common sign of a urinary tract infection in toddlers. This symptom is often accompanied by possible fever and irritability. Excessive thirst (Choice A) is not a typical sign of a UTI in toddlers and is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes. Increased appetite (Choice C) is not a typical symptom of a UTI in toddlers either. Skin rash (Choice D) is not a common sign of a UTI but may indicate other conditions like allergies or infections.

4. How many vitamins are known to be required in the diet of human beings?

• A. 5
• B. 8
• C. 10
• D. 13

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 13. There are 13 essential vitamins required in the diet of human beings, including vitamins A, C, D, E, K, and the B vitamins. Choice A (5), Choice B (8), and Choice C (10) are incorrect because they do not represent the total number of essential vitamins needed by human beings.

5. What is a common treatment for a child with a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

• A. Intravenous antibiotics
• B. Oral antibiotics
• C. Increased fluid intake only
• D. Topical antibiotics

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Oral antibiotics are the correct choice for treating a child with a urinary tract infection (UTI). They are often prescribed to effectively address the infection and alleviate symptoms. Intravenous antibiotics (Choice A) are usually reserved for severe cases where oral antibiotics are not feasible or effective. Increased fluid intake (Choice C) can help in flushing out bacteria but is not a standalone treatment for UTIs. Topical antibiotics (Choice D) are not typically used to treat UTIs as they are more suited for skin infections.

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