Nursing Elites

1. What should be monitored in a child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?

• A. Blood glucose levels
• B. Electrolyte balance
• C. Urine output
• D. Hemoglobin levels

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), monitoring electrolyte balance is crucial. CAH can lead to adrenal insufficiency, causing imbalances in electrolytes such as sodium and potassium. Monitoring electrolyte levels helps in preventing complications like dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and adrenal crisis. While blood glucose levels may need monitoring in other conditions like diabetes, it is not the primary concern in CAH. Urine output is important in assessing kidney function but is not a direct monitoring parameter for CAH. Hemoglobin levels are more relevant in conditions such as anemia, not specifically in CAH.

2. What is an important aspect of managing a child with asthma in a school setting?

• A. Limiting physical activity
• B. Ensuring access to emergency medications
• C. Reducing the number of classes attended
• D. Avoiding interaction with other students

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ensuring access to emergency medications. In a school setting, it is crucial to have emergency medications available for a child with asthma in case of an asthma attack. This helps in managing asthma effectively and promptly. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because limiting physical activity, reducing the number of classes attended, and avoiding interaction with other students are not recommended strategies for managing asthma in a school setting. Encouraging physical activity, ensuring regular attendance, and promoting social interactions are important for the overall well-being of a child with asthma.

3. What is the most common initial symptom of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

• A. Joint swelling and pain
• B. Skin rash
• C. Gastrointestinal bleeding
• D. Neurological deficits

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Joint swelling and pain. These are the most common initial symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, typically affecting multiple joints. Skin rash (choice B), gastrointestinal bleeding (choice C), and neurological deficits (choice D) are not typical initial symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Skin rash may be seen in other conditions like dermatitis or systemic lupus erythematosus, gastrointestinal bleeding may be associated with conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, and neurological deficits could be indicative of conditions like multiple sclerosis.

4. What is a common sign of an allergic reaction in children?

• A. Persistent cough
• B. Skin rash or hives
• C. Increased appetite
• D. Low-grade fever

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Skin rash or hives are common signs of an allergic reaction in children, often following exposure to allergens. While a persistent cough can occur in some cases, it is not typically a primary sign of an allergic reaction. Increased appetite is unrelated to allergic reactions. A low-grade fever is not a common sign of an allergic reaction but can be present in other conditions like infections.

5. What is a common symptom of a respiratory infection in infants?

• A. Wheezing
• B. High appetite
• C. Increased thirst
• D. Lethargy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Wheezing is a common symptom of respiratory infections in infants, often associated with coughing and difficulty breathing. It occurs due to the narrowing of the airways. Choice B, 'High appetite,' is incorrect as respiratory infections usually lead to a decrease in appetite rather than an increase. Choice C, 'Increased thirst,' is incorrect as it is not a typical symptom of a respiratory infection in infants. Choice D, 'Lethargy,' can be a symptom of respiratory infections but is not as specific and common as wheezing.

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