Nursing Elites

1. What is a common side effect of the antibiotic tetracycline in children?

• A. Discoloration of teeth
• B. Increased appetite
• C. Elevated blood glucose levels
• D. Decreased bone density

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Discoloration of teeth is a well-known side effect of tetracycline, especially when administered to children below 8 years of age. Tetracycline can bind to calcium ions in developing teeth, causing them to become discolored and appear yellow or brown. Increased appetite, elevated blood glucose levels, and decreased bone density are not commonly associated with the use of tetracycline in children, making them incorrect choices.

2. What is one benefit of using controls in an experiment?

• A. The size of the groups does not matter.
• B. The subjects are unaware of the experiment's details.
• C. The subjects who are treated are balanced against the placebos.
• D. The subjects are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Controls in an experiment ensure that the subjects are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested. This allows for a fair comparison between the treatment group and the control group. Choice A is incorrect because the size of the groups is not the primary benefit of using controls. Choice B is incorrect as blinding, not controls, refers to subjects not knowing about the experiment. Choice C is incorrect as it pertains more to randomization than the use of controls.

3. What is the primary purpose of a placebo in an experiment?

• A. To reduce the cost of the experiment.
• B. To make the experiment double-blind.
• C. To increase the number of participants.
• D. To serve as a control for comparison with the treatment group.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A placebo serves as a control for comparison with the treatment group, helping to eliminate bias and ensure the results are due to the treatment itself. Placebos are crucial in research to distinguish the actual effect of the treatment from psychological or subjective factors. Choice A is incorrect because the purpose of a placebo is not related to reducing the cost of the experiment. Choice B is incorrect because while placebos are used in double-blind studies, their primary purpose is not to make the experiment double-blind. Choice C is incorrect because the purpose of a placebo is not to increase the number of participants but rather to serve as a comparison group for the treatment being tested.

4. What is a common sign of dehydration in a child with diarrhea?

• A. Decreased urine output
• B. Increased appetite
• C. Warm, dry skin
• D. Elevated blood pressure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased urine output. When a child with diarrhea is dehydrated, they may have decreased urine output, indicating that their body is conserving fluids. This sign highlights the importance of fluid replacement to prevent worsening dehydration. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Increased appetite is not typically associated with dehydration but can be seen in other conditions. Warm, dry skin may be a sign of fever or other skin conditions, not specifically dehydration. Elevated blood pressure is not a common sign of dehydration in a child with diarrhea.

5. What intervention is recommended for a child with severe dehydration?

• A. Oral rehydration therapy
• B. Intravenous fluid replacement
• C. High-protein diet
• D. Increased physical activity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Intravenous fluid replacement is the recommended intervention for a child with severe dehydration because it allows for rapid restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance. In severe cases, oral rehydration therapy (Choice A) may not be tolerated due to the child's condition. A high-protein diet (Choice C) is not the primary intervention and does not address the immediate fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Increased physical activity (Choice D) is contraindicated in severe dehydration as it can exacerbate fluid loss, making intravenous fluid replacement the most suitable choice for prompt correction of the severe dehydration.

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