which individual is making a food choice based on negative association

HESI LPN

Nutrition Final Exam

1. Which individual is making a food choice based on negative association?

A. A tourist from China who rejects a hamburger due to unfamiliarity
B. A child who spits out his mashed potatoes because they taste too salty
C. A teenager who grudgingly accepts an offer for an ice cream cone to avoid offending a close friend
D. An elderly gentleman who refuses a peanut butter and jelly sandwich because he considers it a child's food

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is the correct answer because the elderly gentleman is refusing the peanut butter and jelly sandwich due to his negative association of considering it a child's food. This negative association influences his food choice. Choices A, B, and C do not involve negative associations with the food being consumed. Choice A is based on unfamiliarity, Choice B is due to taste preference, and Choice C is driven by social considerations rather than negative food association.

2. What role do fats play in the human body?

A. They provide a concentrated source of energy.
B. They are the building blocks of enzymes and hormones.
C. They are essential for brain function and development.
D. They aid in the digestion of food.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fats play various essential roles in the human body, one of which is aiding in the digestion of food. While fats do provide a concentrated source of energy, the primary source is carbohydrates. Proteins are the building blocks of enzymes and hormones, not fats. Essential fatty acids found in fats are vital for brain function and development, but this is not the primary role of fats in the body.

3. What is a common complication of untreated type 1 diabetes in children?

A. Diabetic ketoacidosis
B. High blood pressure
C. Asthma
D. Frequent infections

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of untreated type 1 diabetes in children. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels, ketones in the urine, and acidosis. Prompt medical attention is required to manage this condition. High blood pressure (Choice B) can be a complication of diabetes but is not as directly linked to untreated type 1 diabetes as diabetic ketoacidosis. Asthma (Choice C) and frequent infections (Choice D) are not typically associated with untreated type 1 diabetes in children.

4. How should a healthcare provider address the nutritional needs of a child with chronic kidney disease?

A. Increase protein intake
B. Reduce sodium and phosphorus intake
C. Promote a high-fat diet
D. Encourage frequent sugary snacks

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Reducing sodium and phosphorus intake is crucial in managing chronic kidney disease in children because it helps prevent complications such as electrolyte imbalances and bone problems. High protein intake can actually be harmful to the kidneys in this condition as it can lead to increased waste production. A high-fat diet is not recommended as it can contribute to heart and blood vessel problems. Encouraging frequent sugary snacks can lead to further complications like obesity and diabetes, which are not beneficial for a child with chronic kidney disease.

5. What dietary recommendation is essential for a child with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

A. High-protein diet
B. Low-fat diet
C. Low-phenylalanine diet
D. High-fiber diet

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Low-phenylalanine diet.' Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) need to follow a low-phenylalanine diet to manage the condition. Phenylalanine is an amino acid found in protein-containing foods, and individuals with PKU have difficulty metabolizing it, leading to neurological damage and other complications. Therefore, restricting phenylalanine intake is crucial. Choice A, 'High-protein diet,' is incorrect because high protein intake would increase phenylalanine levels, worsening the condition. Choice B, 'Low-fat diet,' and Choice D, 'High-fiber diet,' are not the primary focus for PKU patients. The key dietary intervention for PKU is controlling phenylalanine intake, which is best achieved through a low-phenylalanine diet.