Nursing Elites

1. What is one primary factor that influences nutrient needs in individuals?

• A. Age
• B. Gender
• C. Genetics
• D. Physical activity level

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Correct. Age is one of the primary factors influencing nutrient needs. Different life stages, such as infancy, childhood, adulthood, and old age, require varying amounts of nutrients. Gender (choice B) can influence nutrient needs to some extent, but age plays a more significant role. Genetics (choice C) may affect how individuals metabolize certain nutrients but is not a primary factor in determining overall nutrient needs. Physical activity level (choice D) can impact energy requirements but is not as fundamental as age in influencing overall nutrient needs.

2. What should be included in the medical management of a sickle cell crisis?

• A. Information for parents on home care
• B. Adequate hydration and pain management
• C. Pain management and iron supplements
• D. Adequate oxygenation and factor VIII

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adequate hydration and pain management. During a sickle cell crisis, it is essential to provide hydration to prevent vaso-occlusive events and manage pain effectively with analgesics. Adequate hydration helps maintain blood flow and prevent further sickling of red blood cells. Pain management is crucial to alleviate the severe pain associated with sickle cell crises. Options A, C, and D are incorrect. Providing information for parents on home care (Option A) may be important for ongoing management but is not specific to an acute crisis. Iron supplements (Option C) are not typically indicated during a sickle cell crisis. Adequate oxygenation and factor VIII (Option D) are not primary interventions for managing a sickle cell crisis; instead, oxygen therapy may be considered in severe cases, and factor VIII is not a standard treatment for sickle cell disease.

3. What is the study of how a person's genes interact with nutrients?

• A. genetic counseling
• B. nutritional genomics
• C. genetic metabolomics
• D. nutritional genetics

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nutritional genomics, the correct answer, specifically focuses on how a person's genes interact with nutrients, affecting health and disease. Genetic counseling (choice A) refers to the process of helping people understand and adapt to the medical, psychological, and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease. Genetic metabolomics (choice C) combines genetic and metabolomic data to study metabolic pathways. Nutritional genetics (choice D) generally refers to the broader field of genetics as it relates to nutrition, while nutritional genomics, the most precise term, delves into the specific gene-nutrient interactions.

4. What should be assessed in an infant diagnosed with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

• A. Diarrhea after each feeding
• B. Gastric pain and vigorous crying
• C. Poor appetite due to poor sucking reflex
• D. An olive-shaped mass right of the midline

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, an olive-shaped mass can often be palpated in the infant's abdomen, which is a hallmark sign of this condition. This mass is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, right of the midline. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis may experience vomiting (not diarrhea), gastric pain, and irritability, and have feeding difficulties, the key assessment finding specific to this condition is the palpable olive-shaped mass in the abdomen.

5. When an increase in exercise is accompanied by a decrease in body weight, it is an example of what?

• A. variable effect
• B. positive correlation
• C. negative correlation
• D. randomization effect

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When an increase in exercise is accompanied by a decrease in body weight, it demonstrates a negative correlation. This means that as one variable (exercise) increases, the other variable (body weight) decreases. Choice A, 'variable effect,' is vague and does not accurately describe the relationship between exercise and body weight. Choice B, 'positive correlation,' is incorrect because in a positive correlation, both variables would increase or decrease together. Choice D, 'randomization effect,' is unrelated to the scenario described.

Similar Questions