Nursing Elites

1. How many minerals are known to be essential for human nutrition?

• A. 8
• B. 12
• C. 16
• D. 20

Correct answer: C

Rationale: There are 16 essential minerals required for human nutrition. These minerals include calcium, potassium, iron, and others. Choice A (8) is incorrect as it underestimates the number of essential minerals. Choice B (12) is also incorrect as it does not encompass the full count of essential minerals. Choice D (20) is incorrect as it overestimates the number of essential minerals.

2. In what position does the Pavlik harness hold a child's femurs for developmental hip dysplasia?

• A. Abduction
• B. Adduction
• C. Flexion
• D. Extension

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Pavlik harness is designed to position a child's femurs in abduction for developmental hip dysplasia. Abduction helps align the hip joint correctly and promotes proper development in cases of hip dysplasia. Adduction (choice B) brings the legs closer to the midline, which is not the desired position in this condition. Flexion (choice C) refers to bending at a joint, while extension (choice D) is the opposite of flexion. However, in the case of developmental hip dysplasia, abduction is crucial for the Pavlik harness to work effectively.

3. What is a common sign of dehydration in infants?

• A. Decreased urination
• B. Dry mouth and lips
• C. Increased appetite
• D. Normal skin turgor

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Dry mouth and lips are common signs of dehydration in infants. When an infant is dehydrated, the body conserves water, resulting in less urine production and concentrated urine. This leads to decreased frequency of urination rather than frequent urination, making choice A incorrect. Choice C, increased appetite, is not typically associated with dehydration in infants but rather with normal growth and development. Normal skin turgor, as mentioned in choice D, is a sign of hydration and not dehydration, making it an incorrect choice. Therefore, the correct answer is B, dry mouth and lips, which indicate a need for fluid replacement.

4. What is a common sign of iron-deficiency anemia in children?

• A. Yellowing of the skin
• B. Pallor and fatigue
• C. Rapid weight gain
• D. Increased appetite

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pallor and fatigue are common signs of iron-deficiency anemia in children. Iron-deficiency anemia is characterized by a decreased production of red blood cells, leading to a paler appearance (pallor) and increased fatigue due to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. Yellowing of the skin (choice A) is more commonly associated with liver or bile duct issues. Rapid weight gain (choice C) and increased appetite (choice D) are not typical signs of iron-deficiency anemia.

5. What is the most common symptom of appendicitis in children?

• A. Vomiting and diarrhea
• B. Fever and abdominal pain
• C. Rash and joint pain
• D. Difficulty breathing

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fever and abdominal pain. In children, appendicitis commonly presents with fever and abdominal pain. The pain typically begins around the umbilicus and then moves to the lower right quadrant. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because vomiting and diarrhea, rash and joint pain, and difficulty breathing are not typical symptoms of appendicitis in children.

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