HESI LPN
HESI PN Nutrition Practice Exam
1. What is a common sign of congenital hip dysplasia in infants?
- A. Symmetrical hip movement
- B. Limited range of motion in the hip
- C. Swelling of the knees
- D. Dislocated patella
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Limited range of motion in the hip, often noted as a limitation in abduction, is a common sign of congenital hip dysplasia. This limitation is due to the abnormal development of the hip joint, affecting its movement. Symmetrical hip movement (Choice A) is not a characteristic sign of congenital hip dysplasia. Swelling of the knees (Choice C) is not typically associated with this condition. Dislocated patella (Choice D) refers to a different anatomical structure and is not a common sign of congenital hip dysplasia.
2. What does the term 'health disparity' refer to?
- A. Equal access to healthcare for all individuals
- B. Differences in health outcomes between different population groups
- C. High-quality healthcare for everyone
- D. Providing the same treatments to everyone
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. 'Health disparity' refers to differences in health outcomes between different population groups. This term highlights variations in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups. Choice A is incorrect as health disparity is about health outcomes, not just access to healthcare. Choice C is too broad and not specific to the concept of health disparity. Choice D is incorrect as health disparity recognizes that different populations may need tailored or different treatments based on their specific health needs.
3. While bathing a patient, the nurse notices movement in the patient's hair. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Use gloves to inspect the hair.
- B. Apply a lindane-based shampoo immediately.
- C. Shave the patient's hair off.
- D. Ignore the movement and continue.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When a nurse suspects pediculosis capitis (head lice) upon noticing movement in the patient's hair, the correct action is to use gloves to inspect the hair. This protects the nurse from potential self-infestations. Applying a lindane-based shampoo immediately (Choice B) is not the first action, as diagnosis and confirmation are necessary before treatment. Shaving the patient's hair off (Choice C) is an extreme measure and is unnecessary at this stage. Ignoring the movement and continuing (Choice D) is negligent and can lead to the spread of infestation.
4. Which best describes a full-thickness (third-degree) burn?
- A. Erythema and pain
- B. Skin showing erythema followed by blister formation
- C. Destruction of all layers of skin evident with extension into subcutaneous tissue
- D. Destruction injury involving underlying structures such as muscle, fascia, and bone
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Full-thickness burns involve the destruction of all layers of skin, extending into the subcutaneous tissue. This type of burn causes severe damage and loss of sensation due to nerve destruction. Choice A, erythema and pain, describes superficial burns (first-degree). Choice B, skin showing erythema followed by blister formation, describes partial-thickness burns (second-degree). Choice D, destruction injury involving underlying structures such as muscle, fascia, and bone, goes beyond the description of full-thickness burns.
5. During a well-child check-up, what respiratory assessment finding should the nurse anticipate in a 3-year-old?
- A. A resting respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute
- B. Bronchovesicular breath sounds in the peripheral lung fields
- C. Retractions in the intercostal spaces with each inspiration
- D. High-pitched whistling sounds over the bronchi
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A resting respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute is within the expected range for a 3-year-old child. This is considered normal in this age group as their respiratory rate is generally higher compared to adults. Bronchovesicular breath sounds in the peripheral lung fields are not an expected finding in a 3-year-old. Retractions in the intercostal spaces with each inspiration indicate increased work of breathing and are abnormal. High-pitched whistling sounds over the bronchi are characteristic of wheezing, which is not typically expected in a healthy 3-year-old during a routine check-up.