Nursing Elites

1. Why is randomization important in a scientific experiment?

• A. To minimize the impact of confounding variables.
• B. To eliminate bias in the assignment of subjects to groups.
• C. To contribute to the accuracy and validity of the experiment's results.
• D. To prevent systematic differences between groups.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Randomization is crucial in a scientific experiment to eliminate bias in the assignment of subjects to groups. By randomly assigning subjects, it helps ensure that any differences observed in the outcomes are due to the experimental treatment and not to preexisting differences between groups. Choice A is incorrect because randomization does not guarantee representativeness but rather minimizes the impact of confounding variables. Choice C is not entirely accurate; while randomization can contribute to accuracy and validity, its primary purpose is to reduce bias. Choice D is incorrect as the goal of randomization is not to balance the number of subjects but to prevent systematic differences between groups.

2. What is a common sign of iron-deficiency anemia in children?

• A. Yellowing of the skin
• B. Pallor and fatigue
• C. Rapid weight gain
• D. Increased appetite

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pallor and fatigue are common signs of iron-deficiency anemia in children. Iron-deficiency anemia is characterized by a decreased production of red blood cells, leading to a paler appearance (pallor) and increased fatigue due to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. Yellowing of the skin (choice A) is more commonly associated with liver or bile duct issues. Rapid weight gain (choice C) and increased appetite (choice D) are not typical signs of iron-deficiency anemia.

3. What is a common sign of dehydration in infants?

• A. Decreased urination
• B. Dry mouth and lips
• C. Increased appetite
• D. Normal skin turgor

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Dry mouth and lips are common signs of dehydration in infants. When an infant is dehydrated, the body conserves water, resulting in less urine production and concentrated urine. This leads to decreased frequency of urination rather than frequent urination, making choice A incorrect. Choice C, increased appetite, is not typically associated with dehydration in infants but rather with normal growth and development. Normal skin turgor, as mentioned in choice D, is a sign of hydration and not dehydration, making it an incorrect choice. Therefore, the correct answer is B, dry mouth and lips, which indicate a need for fluid replacement.

4. If a group of people consumes an amount of protein equal to the estimated average requirement for their population group, what percentage of people will receive insufficient amounts?

• A. 10
• B. 25
• C. 33
• D. 50

Correct answer: D

Rationale: If a group consumes an amount of protein equal to the estimated average requirement, 50% of the people will receive insufficient amounts. The estimated average requirement is the amount of a nutrient that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. Therefore, 50% of the group will not be meeting their individual needs if they are consuming only the average requirement. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because at the estimated average requirement level, a higher percentage than those values will receive insufficient amounts.

5. What should be monitored closely in a child receiving chemotherapy?

• A. Blood glucose levels
• B. White blood cell count
• C. Blood pressure
• D. Heart rate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: White blood cell count. During chemotherapy, it is crucial to monitor the white blood cell count closely to detect potential neutropenia (low white blood cell count) and the associated risk of infections. Monitoring blood glucose levels (Choice A) is important for diabetic management and not directly related to chemotherapy. Blood pressure (Choice C) and heart rate (Choice D) are essential vital signs to monitor but are not the primary focus when monitoring a child receiving chemotherapy.

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