HESI LPN
HESI PN Nutrition Practice Exam
1. Why is randomization important in a scientific experiment?
- A. To minimize the impact of confounding variables.
- B. To eliminate bias in the assignment of subjects to groups.
- C. To contribute to the accuracy and validity of the experiment's results.
- D. To prevent systematic differences between groups.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Randomization is crucial in a scientific experiment to eliminate bias in the assignment of subjects to groups. By randomly assigning subjects, it helps ensure that any differences observed in the outcomes are due to the experimental treatment and not to preexisting differences between groups. Choice A is incorrect because randomization does not guarantee representativeness but rather minimizes the impact of confounding variables. Choice C is not entirely accurate; while randomization can contribute to accuracy and validity, its primary purpose is to reduce bias. Choice D is incorrect as the goal of randomization is not to balance the number of subjects but to prevent systematic differences between groups.
2. What is a primary intervention for a child with a suspected respiratory infection?
- A. Administer antiviral medications
- B. Increase fluid intake and rest
- C. Restrict all physical activity
- D. Provide high-dose vitamin supplements
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Increasing fluid intake and rest is a primary intervention for a child with a suspected respiratory infection because it helps support the body’s recovery and maintains hydration levels. Antiviral medications (Choice A) are only used for specific viral infections and are not routinely recommended for suspected respiratory infections. Restricting physical activity (Choice C) may be necessary in certain cases to prevent overexertion, but it is not a primary intervention. Providing high-dose vitamin supplements (Choice D) may support the immune system in general but is not a primary intervention for a suspected respiratory infection.
3. What is a common complication of untreated asthma in children?
- A. Delayed puberty
- B. Growth retardation
- C. Chronic sinusitis
- D. Frequent headaches
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chronic sinusitis. Untreated asthma can lead to chronic sinusitis in children due to prolonged inflammation and infection of the respiratory tract. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Delayed puberty and growth retardation are not common complications of untreated asthma in children. Frequent headaches may be associated with asthma exacerbations but are not typical long-term complications.
4. The motive for a person who alters their diet due to religious convictions is most likely related to their ___.
- A. values
- B. body image
- C. ethnic heritage
- D. functional association
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'values.' When individuals alter their diet due to religious convictions, it is primarily driven by their personal or cultural values associated with their faith. This choice reflects the strong influence that religious beliefs can have on dietary choices. Choice B, 'body image,' is incorrect because altering one's diet for religious reasons is more about spiritual beliefs than physical appearance. Choice C, 'ethnic heritage,' is incorrect as it pertains more to cultural background rather than religious convictions. Choice D, 'functional association,' is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the motivation behind altering one's diet for religious reasons.
5. How should a healthcare professional respond to a parent concerned about their child's weight gain?
- A. Provide guidance on healthy eating and physical activity
- B. Suggest restrictive dieting
- C. Recommend increased caloric intake
- D. Avoid discussing the issue
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When a parent expresses concern about their child's weight gain, the most appropriate response is to provide guidance on healthy eating and physical activity. This approach promotes healthy weight management and overall well-being. Suggesting restrictive dieting (Choice B) can be harmful, especially for children, as it may lead to unhealthy relationships with food and potential nutritional deficiencies. Recommending increased caloric intake (Choice C) without proper assessment and guidance can exacerbate the issue. Avoiding discussing the issue (Choice D) neglects a critical opportunity to address the parent's concerns and support the child's health.
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