Nursing Elites

1. Why is randomization important in a scientific experiment?

• A. To minimize the impact of confounding variables.
• B. To eliminate bias in the assignment of subjects to groups.
• C. To contribute to the accuracy and validity of the experiment's results.
• D. To prevent systematic differences between groups.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Randomization is crucial in a scientific experiment to eliminate bias in the assignment of subjects to groups. By randomly assigning subjects, it helps ensure that any differences observed in the outcomes are due to the experimental treatment and not to preexisting differences between groups. Choice A is incorrect because randomization does not guarantee representativeness but rather minimizes the impact of confounding variables. Choice C is not entirely accurate; while randomization can contribute to accuracy and validity, its primary purpose is to reduce bias. Choice D is incorrect as the goal of randomization is not to balance the number of subjects but to prevent systematic differences between groups.

2. In what units are energy measurements expressed by most scientists and nutritionists outside the United States?

• A. newtons
• B. liters
• C. kilojoules
• D. kilocalories

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Kilojoules are the standard units of energy used by most scientists and nutritionists worldwide. Newtons are units of force, liters are units of volume, and kilocalories are more commonly used in the United States but not as widely adopted internationally for energy measurements. Therefore, the correct answer is 'kilojoules.'

3. What is the recommended daily intake of fiber for adults?

• A. 10 grams
• B. 15 grams
• C. 20 grams
• D. 25 grams

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The recommended daily intake of fiber for adults is 25 grams. Fiber plays a crucial role in maintaining digestive health, preventing constipation, and aiding in weight management. Options A (10 grams), B (15 grams), and C (20 grams) are incorrect as they are below the recommended daily intake of fiber for adults, which is 25 grams.

4. What is a common side effect of corticosteroid therapy in children?

• A. Increased appetite
• B. Decreased blood glucose levels
• C. Inhibited growth
• D. Mood changes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased appetite. Corticosteroid therapy commonly causes increased appetite in children. This side effect can lead to weight gain and other metabolic changes. Option B is incorrect because corticosteroid therapy is more likely to result in increased blood glucose levels. Option C is incorrect because corticosteroid therapy can inhibit growth due to its impact on the endocrine system. Option D is incorrect because corticosteroid therapy can lead to mood changes such as irritability or even mood swings rather than improved mood.

5. Which nutrient is classified as a micronutrient?

• A. minerals
• B. proteins
• C. alcohols
• D. carbohydrates

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is minerals. Micronutrients are required by the body in smaller amounts compared to macronutrients like proteins and carbohydrates. Proteins are macronutrients necessary for growth and repair, not classified as micronutrients. Alcohols and carbohydrates are not classified as micronutrients either.

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