Nursing Elites

1. What is a common complication of untreated type 1 diabetes in children?

• A. Diabetic ketoacidosis
• B. High blood pressure
• C. Asthma
• D. Frequent infections

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of untreated type 1 diabetes in children. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels, ketones in the urine, and acidosis. Prompt medical attention is required to manage this condition. High blood pressure (Choice B) can be a complication of diabetes but is not as directly linked to untreated type 1 diabetes as diabetic ketoacidosis. Asthma (Choice C) and frequent infections (Choice D) are not typically associated with untreated type 1 diabetes in children.

2. What type of nutrient is needed by the body and must be supplied by foods?

• A. nutraceutical
• B. metabolic nutrient
• C. organic nutrient
• D. essential nutrient

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, essential nutrient. Essential nutrients are substances that the body needs for normal functioning but cannot produce in sufficient amounts, so they must be obtained through the diet. Nutraceuticals (choice A) are products derived from food sources that are purported to provide extra health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Metabolic nutrients (choice B) and organic nutrients (choice C) are not standard terms used to describe nutrients needed by the body. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.

3. How should a healthcare professional respond to a parent concerned about their child's weight gain?

• A. Provide guidance on healthy eating and physical activity
• B. Suggest restrictive dieting
• C. Recommend increased caloric intake
• D. Avoid discussing the issue

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a parent expresses concern about their child's weight gain, the most appropriate response is to provide guidance on healthy eating and physical activity. This approach promotes healthy weight management and overall well-being. Suggesting restrictive dieting (Choice B) can be harmful, especially for children, as it may lead to unhealthy relationships with food and potential nutritional deficiencies. Recommending increased caloric intake (Choice C) without proper assessment and guidance can exacerbate the issue. Avoiding discussing the issue (Choice D) neglects a critical opportunity to address the parent's concerns and support the child's health.

4. What dietary recommendation should be made to a child with iron-deficiency anemia?

• A. Increase intake of dairy products
• B. Include high-iron foods like spinach and meat
• C. Decrease protein intake
• D. Avoid all grains

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct recommendation for a child with iron-deficiency anemia is to include high-iron foods like spinach, red meat, and beans in their diet. These foods are rich sources of iron and can help address the deficiency. Choice A is incorrect as dairy products do not provide significant iron content. Choice C is incorrect because protein intake does not need to be decreased; in fact, lean meats are good sources of iron. Choice D is also incorrect as whole grains can be a part of a healthy diet and do not need to be avoided in this case.

5. What dietary recommendation is essential for a child with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

• A. High-protein diet
• B. Low-fat diet
• C. Low-phenylalanine diet
• D. High-fiber diet

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Low-phenylalanine diet.' Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) need to follow a low-phenylalanine diet to manage the condition. Phenylalanine is an amino acid found in protein-containing foods, and individuals with PKU have difficulty metabolizing it, leading to neurological damage and other complications. Therefore, restricting phenylalanine intake is crucial. Choice A, 'High-protein diet,' is incorrect because high protein intake would increase phenylalanine levels, worsening the condition. Choice B, 'Low-fat diet,' and Choice D, 'High-fiber diet,' are not the primary focus for PKU patients. The key dietary intervention for PKU is controlling phenylalanine intake, which is best achieved through a low-phenylalanine diet.

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