what is a common complication of untreated type 1 diabetes in children
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HESI PN Nutrition Practice Exam

1. What is a common complication of untreated type 1 diabetes in children?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of untreated type 1 diabetes in children. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels, ketones in the urine, and acidosis. Prompt medical attention is required to manage this condition. High blood pressure (Choice B) can be a complication of diabetes but is not as directly linked to untreated type 1 diabetes as diabetic ketoacidosis. Asthma (Choice C) and frequent infections (Choice D) are not typically associated with untreated type 1 diabetes in children.

2. How should a caregiver manage a child with a known allergy to peanuts?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Avoiding peanut-containing products is crucial for managing a peanut allergy and preventing allergic reactions. Choice B suggesting regular exposure to peanuts can be harmful and trigger severe allergic reactions in a child with a peanut allergy. Regular exposure can increase the risk of anaphylaxis. Choice C of administering antihistamines daily is not a primary prevention strategy and should not be the first-line approach for managing a peanut allergy. Antihistamines only treat symptoms and do not prevent the allergic reaction. Choice D of recommending peanut-containing supplements can also lead to severe allergic reactions and is not recommended for a child with a known peanut allergy. It is essential to eliminate all sources of peanuts to prevent accidental exposure and potential life-threatening reactions.

3. What does a positive correlation between two variables indicate?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A positive correlation between two variables indicates that they move in the same direction. This means that as one variable increases (or decreases), the other variable also increases (or decreases). Choice A is incorrect because correlation does not imply causation; it only shows a relationship between variables. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a negative correlation where variables move in opposite directions. Choice D is incorrect as a positive correlation implies a relationship between the variables.

4. An essential nutrient is one that ___

Correct answer: C

Rationale: An essential nutrient is a substance that cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body itself, so it must be obtained from the diet. Choice A is incorrect because essential nutrients are required in specific amounts, not necessarily large quantities. Choice B is incorrect as essential nutrients cannot be synthesized by the body at all. Choice D is incorrect because although essential nutrients may be used in the synthesis of other compounds, that is not the defining characteristic of an essential nutrient.

5. What is a common sign of congenital hip dysplasia in infants?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Limited range of motion in the hip, often noted as a limitation in abduction, is a common sign of congenital hip dysplasia. This limitation is due to the abnormal development of the hip joint, affecting its movement. Symmetrical hip movement (Choice A) is not a characteristic sign of congenital hip dysplasia. Swelling of the knees (Choice C) is not typically associated with this condition. Dislocated patella (Choice D) refers to a different anatomical structure and is not a common sign of congenital hip dysplasia.

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