Nursing Elites

1. What is a common complication of untreated type 1 diabetes in children?

• A. Diabetic ketoacidosis
• B. High blood pressure
• C. Asthma
• D. Frequent infections

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of untreated type 1 diabetes in children. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels, ketones in the urine, and acidosis. Prompt medical attention is required to manage this condition. High blood pressure (Choice B) can be a complication of diabetes but is not as directly linked to untreated type 1 diabetes as diabetic ketoacidosis. Asthma (Choice C) and frequent infections (Choice D) are not typically associated with untreated type 1 diabetes in children.

2. What is a primary goal of managing diabetes mellitus in children?

• A. Promote weight maintenance
• B. Prevent episodes of hypoglycemia
• C. Ensure normal growth and development
• D. Optimize blood sugar control

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary goal of managing diabetes mellitus in children is to ensure normal growth and development. This involves maintaining stable blood glucose levels to prevent complications. Option A is incorrect because promoting weight gain is not a primary goal in managing diabetes; rather, the aim is to maintain a healthy weight. Option B is not the primary goal; although it is important to prevent episodes of hypoglycemia, the main focus is on overall management. Option D is incorrect as optimizing blood sugar control is a means to achieve the primary goal, which is ensuring normal growth and development.

3. How should a healthcare provider respond to a parent concerned about their child's sleep pattern?

• A. Recommend a sleep study
• B. Suggest increasing daytime naps
• C. Provide education on sleep hygiene
• D. Advise on medication use

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a parent expresses concerns about their child's sleep pattern, providing education on sleep hygiene is a beneficial response. Teaching parents about establishing a consistent sleep routine, creating a conducive sleep environment, and promoting healthy sleep habits can help address the child's sleep issues. This empowers the parent to make positive changes that can improve the child's sleep patterns. Recommending a sleep study (Choice A) may be premature and unnecessary without first addressing basic sleep hygiene. Suggesting increasing daytime naps (Choice B) may not always be appropriate and could further disrupt the child's nighttime sleep. Advising on medication use (Choice D) should be considered only after other non-pharmacological approaches have been tried and if deemed necessary by a healthcare provider.

4. What is the primary role of dietary guidelines?

• A. To ensure that all food groups are consumed in appropriate proportions.
• B. To prevent chronic diseases and promote overall well-being.
• C. To help individuals meet their nutritional needs while reducing the risk of chronic disease.
• D. To offer specific recommendations for the intake of nutrients that support health.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'To help individuals meet their nutritional needs while reducing the risk of chronic disease.' Dietary guidelines are designed to provide guidance on the types and amounts of food that support good health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Choice A has been corrected to mention 'appropriate proportions' instead of 'equal amounts,' as dietary guidelines emphasize balance and variety. Choice B is partially correct, but the primary focus of dietary guidelines is on meeting nutritional needs. Choice D is incorrect because while dietary guidelines may include nutrient recommendations, their primary focus is on overall dietary patterns rather than specific nutrient intake.

5. What should be a priority for a 4-year-old child with nephrosis?

• A. Impaired body image
• B. Skin impairment
• C. Nutritional deficit
• D. Injury

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Skin impairment. Skin care is a priority in nephrosis due to edema and increased risk of skin breakdown, requiring careful monitoring and management. While impaired body image (Choice A) can be a concern, it is not typically a priority in a 4-year-old with nephrosis. Nutritional deficit (Choice C) is important but addressing skin impairment takes precedence due to the immediate risk of complications related to skin breakdown. Injury (Choice D) is a general concern for children but is not the priority in a child with nephrosis.

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