Nursing Elites

1. What is a primary goal of managing diabetes mellitus in children?

• A. Promote weight maintenance
• B. Prevent episodes of hypoglycemia
• C. Ensure normal growth and development
• D. Optimize blood sugar control

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary goal of managing diabetes mellitus in children is to ensure normal growth and development. This involves maintaining stable blood glucose levels to prevent complications. Option A is incorrect because promoting weight gain is not a primary goal in managing diabetes; rather, the aim is to maintain a healthy weight. Option B is not the primary goal; although it is important to prevent episodes of hypoglycemia, the main focus is on overall management. Option D is incorrect as optimizing blood sugar control is a means to achieve the primary goal, which is ensuring normal growth and development.

2. When an increase in exercise is accompanied by a decrease in body weight, it is an example of what?

• A. variable effect
• B. positive correlation
• C. negative correlation
• D. randomization effect

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When an increase in exercise is accompanied by a decrease in body weight, it demonstrates a negative correlation. This means that as one variable (exercise) increases, the other variable (body weight) decreases. Choice A, 'variable effect,' is vague and does not accurately describe the relationship between exercise and body weight. Choice B, 'positive correlation,' is incorrect because in a positive correlation, both variables would increase or decrease together. Choice D, 'randomization effect,' is unrelated to the scenario described.

3. What is one function of water in the human body?

• A. Water provides calories for energy.
• B. Water helps transport nutrients and waste products.
• C. Water acts as a solvent for many biological reactions.
• D. Water maintains body temperature.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Water helps transport nutrients and waste products. Water plays a crucial role in the body by aiding in the transportation of essential nutrients to cells and removing waste products. While water is essential for various metabolic processes, it does not provide calories for energy (choice A). Although water can act as a solvent for biological reactions (choice C), its primary function is not as a solvent. Additionally, while water does help in regulating body temperature to some extent, its main role is not to maintain body temperature (choice D).

4. What should be assessed in a child with suspected appendicitis?

• A. Level of consciousness
• B. Bowel sounds and pain location
• C. Skin color and temperature
• D. Heart rate and blood pressure

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to assess bowel sounds and pain location. In a child with suspected appendicitis, focusing on bowel sounds and pain location, particularly in the lower right quadrant, is crucial. This assessment helps to identify symptoms commonly associated with appendicitis. Assessing the level of consciousness (Choice A) is important in other conditions such as head injuries or neurological issues. Skin color and temperature (Choice C) are more indicative of circulatory or skin-related problems. Heart rate and blood pressure (Choice D) are vital signs that are essential to assess in various conditions but are not specific to suspected appendicitis.

5. What is a common sign of hypothyroidism in children?

• A. Weight loss
• B. Increased heart rate
• C. Dry skin and constipation
• D. Elevated blood pressure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dry skin and constipation are typical signs of hypothyroidism in children. Hypothyroidism results from an underactive thyroid gland, leading to symptoms such as dry skin and constipation. Weight loss (Choice A) is more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, where the thyroid gland is overactive. Increased heart rate (Choice B) and elevated blood pressure (Choice D) are also more characteristic of hyperthyroidism rather than hypothyroidism. Therefore, the correct answer is dry skin and constipation (Choice C) when identifying signs of hypothyroidism in children.

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