Nursing Elites

1. What is the study of how a person's genes interact with nutrients?

• A. genetic counseling
• B. nutritional genomics
• C. genetic metabolomics
• D. nutritional genetics

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nutritional genomics, the correct answer, specifically focuses on how a person's genes interact with nutrients, affecting health and disease. Genetic counseling (choice A) refers to the process of helping people understand and adapt to the medical, psychological, and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease. Genetic metabolomics (choice C) combines genetic and metabolomic data to study metabolic pathways. Nutritional genetics (choice D) generally refers to the broader field of genetics as it relates to nutrition, while nutritional genomics, the most precise term, delves into the specific gene-nutrient interactions.

2. How should a healthcare provider assist in the management of a child with type 1 diabetes?

• A. Provide high-carbohydrate snacks
• B. Schedule frequent blood glucose tests
• C. Increase dietary fat intake
• D. Encourage a high-protein diet

Correct answer: B

Rationale: For the management of type 1 diabetes in a child, scheduling frequent blood glucose tests is essential. These tests help in monitoring blood sugar levels, adjusting insulin doses, and ensuring proper glucose control. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Providing high-carbohydrate snacks can lead to blood sugar spikes, increasing dietary fat intake is not recommended, and encouraging a high-protein diet is not a standard recommendation for managing type 1 diabetes in children.

3. How should a healthcare provider respond to a parent concerned about their child's frequent ear infections?

• A. Recommend over-the-counter ear drops
• B. Suggest an ENT specialist evaluation
• C. Advise on increasing fluid intake
• D. Encourage more physical exercise

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a parent expresses concerns about their child's frequent ear infections, suggesting an ENT specialist evaluation is the most appropriate response. This specialist can conduct a thorough examination to identify the underlying cause of the recurrent infections and recommend the most suitable treatment. Recommending over-the-counter ear drops (Choice A) may not address the root cause of the issue and could potentially lead to inappropriate treatment. Advising on increasing fluid intake (Choice C) and encouraging more physical exercise (Choice D) are unrelated to addressing the specific concern of frequent ear infections.

4. What dietary recommendation is essential for a child with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

• A. High-protein diet
• B. Low-fat diet
• C. Low-phenylalanine diet
• D. High-fiber diet

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Low-phenylalanine diet.' Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) need to follow a low-phenylalanine diet to manage the condition. Phenylalanine is an amino acid found in protein-containing foods, and individuals with PKU have difficulty metabolizing it, leading to neurological damage and other complications. Therefore, restricting phenylalanine intake is crucial. Choice A, 'High-protein diet,' is incorrect because high protein intake would increase phenylalanine levels, worsening the condition. Choice B, 'Low-fat diet,' and Choice D, 'High-fiber diet,' are not the primary focus for PKU patients. The key dietary intervention for PKU is controlling phenylalanine intake, which is best achieved through a low-phenylalanine diet.

5. Which nutrient is an example of a macronutrient?

• A. proteins
• B. minerals
• C. water-soluble vitamins
• D. fat-soluble vitamins

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Proteins are indeed macronutrients as they are required by the body in larger quantities for various functions such as growth, repair, and energy production. Choice B, minerals, are micronutrients needed in smaller amounts for various physiological processes. Choices C and D, water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins, respectively, are also micronutrients that play essential roles in the body but are not classified as macronutrients.

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