Nursing Elites

1. What is the main purpose of the initial assessment of a child with a suspected fracture?

• A. To determine the type of fracture
• B. To check for potential complications
• C. To identify the cause of the injury
• D. To plan for long-term rehabilitation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main purpose of the initial assessment of a child with a suspected fracture is to check for potential complications, such as neurovascular impairment, and to ensure appropriate treatment. Choice A is incorrect because determining the type of fracture usually requires imaging studies like X-rays, which may not be part of the initial assessment. Choice C is incorrect because identifying the cause of the injury is important for the history-taking part but may not be the main purpose of the initial assessment. Choice D is incorrect because long-term rehabilitation planning typically occurs after the acute phase of fracture management.

2. How should a caregiver manage a child with a new diagnosis of sickle cell anemia?

• A. Ensure the child receives frequent blood transfusions
• B. Promote adequate hydration and pain management
• C. Restrict physical activity
• D. Administer high doses of vitamin C

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Promoting adequate hydration and pain management is crucial for managing sickle cell anemia to prevent crises and complications. Adequate hydration helps prevent sickling of red blood cells, while effective pain management is essential for addressing the frequent pain episodes associated with the condition. Ensuring the child receives frequent blood transfusions is not the initial management for sickle cell anemia; transfusions are usually reserved for specific complications. Restricting physical activity should be individualized based on the child's condition; some physical activity is beneficial for overall health. Administering high doses of vitamin C is not a standard treatment for sickle cell anemia and does not address the underlying pathology of the disease.

3. What is an important consideration when administering medications to a child with a history of chronic renal failure?

• A. Increased frequency of medication administration
• B. Adjustments in dosage due to altered drug metabolism
• C. Avoidance of all medications
• D. Use of only intravenous medications

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When administering medications to a child with chronic renal failure, it is crucial to consider adjustments in dosage due to altered drug metabolism. Children with chronic renal failure may have impaired drug excretion, leading to potential drug accumulation and toxicity. Increasing the frequency of medication administration (choice A) may not address the altered drug metabolism issue and could increase the risk of adverse effects. Avoiding all medications (choice C) is not practical or safe as some medications may be necessary for the child's health. Using only intravenous medications (choice D) is not always required and may not be the best route of administration for all medications needed.

4. Which characteristic is most typical of a chronic disease?

• A. It has a rapid onset.
• B. It rarely has noticeable symptoms.
• C. It produces sharp pains.
• D. It progresses gradually.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Chronic diseases are characterized by a gradual progression over time, affecting individuals for an extended period. Option A is incorrect as chronic diseases do not have a rapid onset like acute conditions. Option B is incorrect as chronic diseases often manifest noticeable symptoms. Option C is incorrect as sharp pains are not a defining characteristic of chronic diseases. Chronic diseases can present a variety of symptoms depending on the specific condition, but gradual progression is a common feature distinguishing them from acute illnesses.

5. What dietary modification is important for a child with celiac disease?

• A. Increase dairy intake
• B. Avoid gluten-containing foods
• C. Decrease protein intake
• D. Increase fiber intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid gluten-containing foods. For a child with celiac disease, it is crucial to eliminate gluten from their diet to manage the condition effectively. Gluten triggers an immune response in individuals with celiac disease, leading to symptoms and damage to the small intestine. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increasing dairy intake, decreasing protein intake, or increasing fiber intake are not specific dietary modifications for managing celiac disease.

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