HESI LPN
LPN Nutrition Practice Test
1. What is a common complication of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes in children?
- A. Hyperactivity
- B. Ketoacidosis
- C. Hypertension
- D. Hypoglycemia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Ketoacidosis is a prevalent complication of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes in children. It is a serious condition characterized by high levels of ketones in the blood, leading to acidosis. Prompt medical attention is necessary to manage this potentially life-threatening condition. Choice A, hyperactivity, is not a typical complication of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes. Choice C, hypertension, is not a direct complication of type 1 diabetes in children. Choice D, hypoglycemia, is more commonly associated with low blood sugar levels, which can occur due to excessive insulin administration or inadequate food intake in diabetic individuals, rather than uncontrolled type 1 diabetes.
2. Where should the child admitted with injuries that may be related to abuse be placed?
- A. In a private room
- B. With an older, friendly child
- C. With a child of the same age
- D. In a room near the nurses’ desk
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to place the child in a room near the nurses’ desk. This placement allows for close monitoring and immediate intervention if needed, ensuring the safety and well-being of the child. Placing the child in a private room (Choice A) may limit visibility and monitoring. Putting the child with an older, friendly child (Choice B) or a child of the same age (Choice C) does not prioritize the necessary close monitoring and intervention that a child potentially experiencing abuse requires. Hence, placing the child in a room near the nurses’ desk is the most appropriate choice in this scenario.
3. The charge nurse is collaborating with the nursing staff about the plan of care for a client who is very depressed. What is the most important intervention to implement during the first 48 hours after the client's admission to the unit?
- A. Monitor appetite and observe intake during meals.
- B. Maintain safety in the client's environment.
- C. Provide ongoing, supportive contact.
- D. Encourage participation in activities.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most critical intervention to implement during the first 48 hours after admitting a depressed client is to maintain safety (B). Depression increases the risk of suicide; hence ensuring a safe environment is the priority. While monitoring appetite (A), providing supportive contact (C), and encouraging participation in activities (D) are important aspects of care for a depressed client, ensuring safety takes precedence in the initial phase of admission.
4. Which lab result should be abnormal in a child with hemophilia?
- A. Prothrombin time
- B. Bleeding time
- C. Platelet count
- D. Partial thromboplastin time
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In a child with hemophilia, the lab result that should be abnormal is the partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Hemophilia is a disorder that affects the clotting factors in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, leading to a prolonged PTT. Prothrombin time (Choice A) assesses the extrinsic pathway and should be normal in hemophilia. Bleeding time (Choice B) evaluates platelet function, which is typically normal in hemophilia. Platelet count (Choice C) measures the number of platelets and is not directly affected by hemophilia.
5. A home health nurse is discussing the dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning with a client. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Carbon monoxide does not have a distinct odor.
- B. Water heaters should be inspected every 5 years.
- C. The lungs are not damaged from carbon monoxide inhalation.
- D. Carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin in the body.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin in the body.' Carbon monoxide is an odorless, colorless gas, so it does not have a distinct odor (Choice A). While regular inspection of appliances like water heaters is important for safety, it is not directly related to carbon monoxide poisoning (Choice B). Carbon monoxide primarily affects the cardiovascular system by binding with hemoglobin, reducing the blood's ability to carry oxygen, rather than causing direct lung damage (Choice C). Understanding how carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin is crucial in recognizing the mechanism of poisoning and its potential consequences.