HESI LPN
Nutrition Final Exam
1. What is the recommended daily intake of fiber for adults?
- A. 10 grams
- B. 15 grams
- C. 20 grams
- D. 25 grams
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The recommended daily intake of fiber for adults is 25 grams. Fiber plays a crucial role in maintaining digestive health, preventing constipation, and aiding in weight management. Options A (10 grams), B (15 grams), and C (20 grams) are incorrect as they are below the recommended daily intake of fiber for adults, which is 25 grams.
2. A client is admitted with hepatitis A (HAV) and dehydration. Subjective symptoms include anorexia, fatigue, and malaise. What additional assessment should the nurse expect to find during the preicteric phase?
- A. RUQ abdominal pain
- B. Clay-colored stools
- C. Icteric sclera
- D. Pruritus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: During the preicteric phase of hepatitis A, the nurse should expect to find RUQ (right upper quadrant) abdominal pain. This pain is common in the early phase of hepatitis A and is associated with liver inflammation. Clay-colored stools (Choice B) are typically seen in the icteric phase when there is a lack of bile flow. Icteric sclera (Choice C) refers to yellowing of the eyes, which is a characteristic of the icteric phase. Pruritus (Choice D), which is itching of the skin, is also more commonly associated with the icteric phase when bile salts accumulate in the skin.
3. In formulating an objective of a community care plan, she expected results and people taking part in the activities should be clearly defined. This refers to an objective which is:
- A. time-bound
- B. specific
- C. resource-oriented
- D. measurable
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'specific.' In formulating a community care plan, defining expected results and participant roles require objectives to be specific to provide clear guidance and outcomes. 'Time-bound' refers to setting deadlines, 'resource-oriented' focuses on utilizing available resources efficiently, and 'measurable' indicates the ability to quantify progress, but these aspects do not necessarily address the need for clarity and definition in defining expected results and participant roles.
4. The nurse is assessing a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Decreased anteroposterior diameter
- B. Hyperresonance on percussion
- C. Increased breath sounds
- D. Prolonged expiratory phase
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Prolonged expiratory phase. In COPD, there is airflow obstruction leading to difficulty in exhaling air. This results in a prolonged expiratory phase. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Decreased anteroposterior diameter is associated with conditions like barrel chest in emphysema, not COPD. Hyperresonance on percussion is typical in conditions like emphysema, not necessarily in COPD. Increased breath sounds are not a typical finding in COPD; instead, diminished breath sounds may be present due to air trapping.
5. The nurse volunteering at a homeless shelter to assist families with children identifies homelessness as a risk preventing families from achieving positive outcomes in life. What family theory encompasses this approach to assessing family dynamics?
- A. Duvall's developmental theory
- B. Friedman's structural functional theory
- C. Von Bertalanffy's general system theory applied to families
- D. Resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The Resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation focuses on identifying the elements of risks and protective factors that help families achieve positive outcomes. In this scenario, the nurse recognizing homelessness as a risk aligns with the resiliency model, which emphasizes how families cope and adapt in the face of stressors. Duvall's theory primarily focuses on family life cycle stages, Friedman's theory emphasizes the roles and functions within a family structure, and Von Bertalanffy's theory looks at families as complex systems rather than specifically addressing resilience in the face of stressors.