HESI LPN
Nutrition Final Exam
1. What is an important dietary consideration for a child with cystic fibrosis?
- A. High-calorie, high-fat diet
- B. Low-sugar diet
- C. Increased dietary fiber
- D. High-sodium diet
Correct answer: A
Rationale: For a child with cystic fibrosis, an important dietary consideration is a high-calorie, high-fat diet. This type of diet helps address malabsorption issues commonly seen in individuals with cystic fibrosis and supports adequate growth and development. High-calorie, high-fat foods are recommended to help meet the increased energy needs of these individuals. Choices B, C, and D are not the most appropriate dietary considerations for a child with cystic fibrosis. A low-sugar diet may not provide enough calories for optimal growth, increased dietary fiber may exacerbate issues related to malabsorption, and a high-sodium diet is generally not recommended due to the risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances in individuals with cystic fibrosis.
2. A client who is diagnosed with schizophrenia is admitted to the hospital. The nurse assesses the client's mental status. Which assessment finding is most characteristic of a client with schizophrenia?
- A. Mood swings.
- B. Extreme sadness.
- C. Manipulative behavior.
- D. Flat affect.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Flat affect. Flat affect, which is a lack of emotional expression, is highly characteristic of schizophrenia. Mood swings (choice A) are more indicative of mood disorders rather than schizophrenia. Extreme sadness (choice B) could be seen in depression but is not as specific to schizophrenia. Manipulative behavior (choice C) is not a defining characteristic of schizophrenia; it may be seen in various psychiatric conditions but is not the most characteristic feature of schizophrenia.
3. While a client is receiving the medication haloperidol, which client data would indicate to the practical nurse that the medication is therapeutic?
- A. The client has maintained consistent weight loss of 2 pounds per week.
- B. The client has demonstrated a decrease in paranoid behaviors.
- C. The client's blood pressure has remained within normal limits.
- D. The client's fasting blood glucose has remained below 120 mg/dL.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a client is taking haloperidol, a therapeutic response involves a decrease in symptoms such as paranoia, hallucinations, delusions, and emotional excitement. These improvements indicate that the medication is effectively managing the client's condition. Monitoring for a reduction in paranoid behaviors helps the practical nurse assess the medication's effectiveness in addressing the client's psychiatric symptoms.
4. Which of the following statements about breastfeeding is correct?
- A. Breastfeeding within 30 minutes after birth can stimulate breastmilk production
- B. Breastmilk should be started 24 hours after delivery
- C. Breastmilk given exclusively for the first 4 to 6 months of life helps avoid introduction of infection
- D. Breastfeeding should be done as often as the baby wants
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement about breastfeeding is that breastmilk given exclusively for the first 4 to 6 months of life helps avoid the introduction of infection. This practice is recommended by health experts for optimal infant health. Choice A is incorrect because breastfeeding should ideally start within the first hour after birth to stimulate breastmilk production. Choice B is incorrect because breastmilk should be initiated as soon as possible after delivery, not after 24 hours. Choice D is incorrect because while feeding on demand is generally encouraged, it should also follow a schedule to ensure adequate nutrition and growth for the baby.
5. A client with a chronic illness expresses frustration over their condition. What is the nurse's best response to support the client?
- A. Encourage joining a support group for emotional support
- B. Discuss the possibility of a cure in the future
- C. Suggest focusing on positive aspects of their life
- D. Validate their feelings and listen to their concerns
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The best response for the nurse to support a client expressing frustration over their chronic illness is to validate their feelings and listen to their concerns (Option D). This approach helps acknowledge the client's emotions, demonstrates empathy, and establishes a therapeutic relationship. By validating the client's feelings and actively listening to their concerns, the nurse offers a supportive environment for the client to express their frustrations. Choices A, B, and C are not the best responses in this situation. While joining a support group, discussing a cure, or focusing on positive aspects can be beneficial interventions, the immediate priority is to validate the client's feelings and provide a space for them to express their frustrations.