what is an important dietary consideration for a child with cystic fibrosis
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Nutrition Final Exam

1. What is an important dietary consideration for a child with cystic fibrosis?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: For a child with cystic fibrosis, an important dietary consideration is a high-calorie, high-fat diet. This type of diet helps address malabsorption issues commonly seen in individuals with cystic fibrosis and supports adequate growth and development. High-calorie, high-fat foods are recommended to help meet the increased energy needs of these individuals. Choices B, C, and D are not the most appropriate dietary considerations for a child with cystic fibrosis. A low-sugar diet may not provide enough calories for optimal growth, increased dietary fiber may exacerbate issues related to malabsorption, and a high-sodium diet is generally not recommended due to the risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances in individuals with cystic fibrosis.

2. What should be monitored in a child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), monitoring electrolyte balance is crucial. CAH can lead to adrenal insufficiency, causing imbalances in electrolytes such as sodium and potassium. Monitoring electrolyte levels helps in preventing complications like dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and adrenal crisis. While blood glucose levels may need monitoring in other conditions like diabetes, it is not the primary concern in CAH. Urine output is important in assessing kidney function but is not a direct monitoring parameter for CAH. Hemoglobin levels are more relevant in conditions such as anemia, not specifically in CAH.

3. What action should be taken for a 2-year-old with laryngotracheobronchitis in an oxygen tent?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), a child may become restless due to poor oxygenation. Increasing the oxygen concentration in the oxygen tent is crucial to improve oxygenation levels and manage symptoms effectively. Restraint is not appropriate in this situation, as it may cause distress and worsen the child's condition. Taking the child to the playroom is not indicated when the child requires oxygen therapy. While comforting the child is important, the priority in this scenario is to optimize oxygen delivery to improve respiratory distress.

4. How should a healthcare professional address the concerns of parents about their child’s developmental delay?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When addressing concerns about a child's developmental delay, providing information about early intervention services is crucial as it can facilitate timely support and resources. This option helps parents understand the available support systems and interventions for their child. Recommending immediate diagnostic testing may cause unnecessary anxiety without first exploring other supportive options. Suggesting waiting for natural development could result in missed opportunities for early intervention that are crucial for improving developmental outcomes. Advising on increasing physical activity is not directly related to addressing developmental delays and does not address the core issue of developmental delay.

5. Gram for gram, which class of nutrient provides the most energy?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is fats. Fats provide 9 kilocalories per gram, which is more energy-dense compared to proteins and carbohydrates. While proteins and carbohydrates provide 4 kilocalories per gram, fats provide more than twice the energy, making them the most energy-providing nutrient. Alcohols are not considered essential nutrients and do not provide energy for the body, unlike fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Therefore, fats are the correct answer for the most energy-providing nutrient.

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