Nursing Elites

1. In addition to disturbances in mental awareness and orientation, a client with cognitive impairment is also likely to show loss of ability in

• A. Hearing, speech, and sight
• B. Endurance, strength, and mobility
• C. Learning, creativity, and judgment
• D. Balance, flexibility, and coordination

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Individuals with cognitive impairment often experience difficulties in learning new information, creative thinking, and making sound judgments. Loss of ability in hearing, speech, and sight (Choice A) is more closely related to sensory impairments rather than cognitive impairment. Endurance, strength, and mobility (Choice B) are more associated with physical capabilities rather than cognitive functions. Balance, flexibility, and coordination (Choice D) are related to motor skills and physical coordination, not cognitive impairment.

2. Which of the following measures the frequency of new cases of the phenomenon during a given period of time?

• A. prevalence rate
• B. proportionate mortality rate
• C. case fatality rate
• D. incidence rate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, incidence rate. Incidence rate measures the frequency of new cases of a phenomenon, providing important information about the risk of developing the condition. Prevalence rate (choice A) reflects both old and new cases, proportionate mortality rate (choice B) is the proportion of deaths due to a specific cause, and case fatality rate (choice C) measures the proportion of deaths among confirmed cases, not just new cases.

3. As the new PHN in barangay Masinag, what is necessary to conduct in order to get a picture of the health and social status of the community?

• A. Mass information campaign
• B. Home visit
• C. Community assembly
• D. Community health survey

Correct answer: D

Rationale: To accurately assess the health and social status of a community, conducting a community health survey is essential. This method provides a comprehensive and systematic way to gather data on various health indicators and social determinants within the community. Choices A, B, and C are not as effective in providing a holistic view of the community's health and social status. A mass information campaign may raise awareness but lacks in-depth data collection, a home visit focuses on individual households rather than the entire community, and a community assembly may not reach all community members or provide structured data collection.

4. Building a healthy community is based on the following basic principles except:

• A. concreteness and reasoning to understand and solve problems
• B. human beings do not function independently but as a group
• C. the target of change is not individual or family but community
• D. environmental factors are more basic than institutional factors

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Building a healthy community is indeed based on principles like concreteness, group dynamics, and focusing on community-level change. However, stating that environmental factors are more basic than institutional factors is incorrect. Both environmental and institutional factors play crucial roles in community health. Environmental factors like access to healthcare, clean water, and safe housing are vital, while institutional factors such as healthcare systems, education, and governance also significantly impact community health. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as environmental factors are not more basic than institutional factors.

5. The nurse is caring for a child with cystic fibrosis. The nurse would anticipate that the child would be deficient in which vitamins?

• A. B, D, and K
• B. A, D, and K
• C. A, C, and D
• D. A, B, and C

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Children with cystic fibrosis often have difficulty absorbing fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and K) due to pancreatic insufficiency, making supplementation necessary. Choice A (B, D, and K) is incorrect because vitamin A deficiency is not commonly associated with cystic fibrosis. Choice C (A, C, and D) is incorrect as vitamin C deficiency is not typically related to cystic fibrosis. Choice D (A, B, and C) is incorrect as vitamin B deficiencies are not commonly seen in cystic fibrosis but rather fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies.

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