HESI LPN
HESI PN Nutrition Practice Exam
1. After surgical repair of a cleft palate, what should be used to prevent injury to the suture line?
- A. Straw
- B. Spoon
- C. Syringe
- D. Cup
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Syringe. Using a syringe helps in feeding without causing injury to the suture line after cleft palate repair because it avoids direct contact with the suture area. Straws and spoons can potentially put pressure on the suture line, leading to injury. Cups may not provide the necessary control to prevent contact with the suture line, unlike a syringe.
2. A female client reports she has not had a bowel movement for 3 days, but now is defecating frequent small amounts of liquid stool. Which action should the nurse implement?
- A. Digitally check the client for a fecal impaction
- B. Increase fluid intake to promote bowel regularity
- C. Provide a high-fiber diet to facilitate bowel movements
- D. Administer a stool softener
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Digitally check the client for a fecal impaction. Small, frequent liquid stools following constipation may indicate a fecal impaction. This intervention is crucial to assess and address a potential impaction promptly. Choices B, increasing fluid intake, and C, providing a high-fiber diet, may help with bowel regularity in general cases, but they don't directly address the urgent concern of a possible impaction. Choice D, administering a stool softener, is not appropriate as the first action when a fecal impaction is suspected; it could worsen the condition by causing further liquid stool output without addressing the impaction.
3. A client appears upset about the IV catheter insertion but does not communicate it to the nurse after being informed about the prescribed IV fluids. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing response?
- A. Ignore the client’s discomfort
- B. Reassure the client without addressing concerns
- C. Is there something about this procedure that concerns you?
- D. Proceed with the procedure
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The appropriate nursing response in this situation is to ask the client if there are any concerns about the procedure. By doing so, the nurse acknowledges the client's distress and opens up a dialogue to address any anxieties or misconceptions. Option A is incorrect as ignoring the client’s discomfort can lead to increased anxiety and potential harm. Option B is not ideal as reassuring the client without addressing specific concerns may not alleviate the client's distress. Option D is incorrect because proceeding with the procedure without addressing the client's unspoken concerns can further escalate the client's distress.
4. A client's daughter phones the charge nurse to report that the night nurse did not provide good care for her mother. What response should the nurse make?
- A. Explain that all staff are doing their best
- B. Ask for a description of what happened during the night
- C. Tell the daughter to talk to the unit's nurse manager
- D. Reassure the daughter that the mother will get better care
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct response for the nurse in this situation is to ask for a description of what happened during the night. This allows the nurse to gather specific information about the care provided and address the complaint appropriately. Choice A is incorrect because dismissing the concern by stating that all staff are doing their best does not address the specific complaint. Choice C is not the best immediate response as the charge nurse should first gather information before escalating the issue to the nurse manager. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses on reassurance without addressing the reported issue.
5. What is the function of the enzyme lactase in the digestive system?
- A. Breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose
- B. Breaks down proteins into amino acids
- C. Converts starch into maltose
- D. Breaks down fats into fatty acids
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.' Lactase is an enzyme in the small intestine that specifically breaks down lactose, the sugar found in milk, into glucose and galactose for absorption. Choice B is incorrect because proteins are broken down into amino acids by protease enzymes. Choice C is incorrect because the enzyme amylase converts starch into maltose. Choice D is incorrect as lipase enzymes break down fats into fatty acids.