HESI LPN
Nutrition Final Exam
1. What is a common symptom of a vitamin D deficiency in children?
- A. Frequent infections
- B. Bone pain and tenderness
- C. Excessive thirst
- D. Unexplained bruising
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Bone pain and tenderness are indeed common symptoms of vitamin D deficiency in children. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone health and growth. The deficiency can lead to weakened bones, causing pain and tenderness. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Frequent infections are not a typical symptom of vitamin D deficiency in children; excessive thirst is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes, and unexplained bruising is not directly linked to vitamin D deficiency.
2. To succeed in her health education program, the PHN needs to be adept in:
- A. teaching-learning strategies
- B. providing accurate information
- C. communicating ideas effectively
- D. all of these
Correct answer: D
Rationale: To excel in a health education program, a Public Health Nurse (PHN) must possess a combination of teaching-learning strategies to effectively impart knowledge, provide accurate information to ensure credibility, and communicate ideas effectively to engage and interact with the audience. Therefore, all of these skills are essential for a PHN to succeed in her health education program. Choices A, B, and C are integral components of a successful health education program, making option D the correct answer.
3. Which dietary modification is most appropriate for a client with nephrotic syndrome?
- A. High protein, low sodium
- B. Low protein, high sodium
- C. High protein, high potassium
- D. Low protein, low sodium
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate dietary modification for a client with nephrotic syndrome is a low protein, low sodium diet. This diet helps reduce the workload on the kidneys and manage edema, which are common issues in nephrotic syndrome. Choice A, high protein, low sodium, is not recommended because excessive protein intake can further strain the kidneys. Choice B, low protein, high sodium, is inappropriate as high sodium can worsen fluid retention and hypertension. Choice C, high protein, high potassium, is not ideal as high potassium levels can be problematic for individuals with kidney issues.
4. A client with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is prescribed quetiapine. The nurse should monitor the client for which potential side effect?
- A. Weight gain
- B. Dry mouth
- C. Nausea
- D. Headache
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Quetiapine is known to cause weight gain as a common side effect. Monitoring the client's weight is crucial to identify any significant changes that may occur due to the medication.
5. The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for digoxin (Lanoxin). Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will take my pulse before taking the medication.
- B. I will take the medication at the same time every day.
- C. I should avoid taking antacids at the same time as this medication.
- D. I should eat foods high in potassium while taking this medication.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Clients taking digoxin should avoid eating foods high in potassium, as this can affect the medication's efficacy. Choices A, B, and C are correct statements regarding digoxin administration and precautions, indicating the client's understanding of the medication and its management.