HESI LPN
HESI PN Nutrition Practice Exam
1. Why is peer review important in scientific research?
- A. To expedite publication of results.
- B. To facilitate the replication of studies.
- C. To verify the accuracy and validity of research findings.
- D. To enhance the credibility of the research.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Peer review is crucial in scientific research to verify the accuracy and validity of research findings. By subjecting research papers to evaluation by experts in the field, peer review ensures that the study's methods, results, and conclusions are robust and reliable. This process helps to maintain high standards of quality in scientific publications, providing credibility to the research. Choices A and D are incorrect because the primary purpose of peer review is not to expedite publication or solely enhance credibility; its core function is to validate the research's accuracy and validity. Choice B, while beneficial, is not the primary reason for peer review; replication is a byproduct of the rigorous evaluation of research methods and findings.
2. The nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is experiencing shortness of breath. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Administer bronchodilator therapy as prescribed.
- B. Inhale the medication slowly while pressing down on the inhaler.
- C. Position the client in a high-Fowler's position.
- D. Increase the oxygen flow rate.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a client with COPD experiencing shortness of breath is to position the client in a high-Fowler's position. This position helps improve lung expansion and ease breathing by maximizing chest expansion and allowing for better airflow. While administering bronchodilator therapy is important, positioning the client for improved breathing takes priority. Inhaling the medication slowly and pressing down on the inhaler is a correct technique for inhaler use but not the priority intervention. Increasing the oxygen flow rate may be needed, but adjusting the client's position to a high-Fowler's position is the priority to address the shortness of breath in COPD.
3. A client is prescribed amitriptyline for depression. The practical nurse (PN) should monitor for which potential side effect?
- A. Insomnia
- B. Weight loss
- C. Dry mouth
- D. Increased appetite
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Increased appetite.' Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, is known to commonly cause increased appetite, leading to weight gain. Monitoring for increased appetite is crucial as it can impact the client's overall health and well-being. Choice A, 'Insomnia,' is less likely as amitriptyline is more associated with sedative effects. Choice B, 'Weight loss,' is incorrect as weight gain is a more common side effect. Choice C, 'Dry mouth,' is a potential side effect of amitriptyline, but it is not directly related to increased appetite, which is the primary concern in this case.
4. The emphasis of community health nursing is on:
- A. treatment of health problems
- B. preventing problems and promoting optimum health
- C. identification and assessment of health problems
- D. illness end of the wellness-illness continuum
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Community health nursing primarily focuses on preventive measures and promoting overall health within a community. Choice A is incorrect as treatment is not the main emphasis. Choice C is incorrect as identification and assessment are steps that may be involved but not the main focus. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to the illness end rather than the preventive end of the wellness-illness continuum.
5. When you attempt to assess a 22-year-old woman who has been sexually assaulted, and she orders you not to touch her, your most appropriate initial action should be to
- A. ask the patient to sign a release form
- B. ask a female EMT-B to attempt to assess the patient
- C. explain to the patient that she must be examined
- D. transport the patient without performing an assessment
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In cases of sexual assault, it is crucial to prioritize the patient's emotional and physical comfort. Asking a female EMT-B to attempt the assessment is the most appropriate initial action as it respects the patient's need for privacy and comfort. Asking the patient to sign a release form (Choice A) is not the immediate concern when the patient's well-being and comfort are at stake. Explaining to the patient that she must be examined (Choice C) disregards her autonomy and can worsen the trauma she is experiencing. Transporting the patient without performing an assessment (Choice D) neglects the necessary evaluation and potentially vital care that she may require.