HESI LPN
HESI CAT Exam 2024
1. After receiving a report on an inpatient acute care unit, which client should the nurse assess first?
- A. The client with bowel obstruction due to a volvulus who is experiencing abdominal rigidity
- B. The client who had surgery yesterday and is experiencing a paralytic ileus with absent bowel sounds
- C. The client with an obstruction of the large intestine who is experiencing abdominal distention
- D. The client with a small bowel obstruction who has a nasogastric tube that is draining greenish fluid
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Abdominal rigidity in a client with bowel obstruction due to a volvulus indicates possible complications and requires immediate assessment. Choice B is incorrect because although a paralytic ileus with absent bowel sounds is concerning, abdominal rigidity in a client with a volvulus takes priority. Choice C is incorrect as abdominal distention, though indicative of an obstruction, is not as urgent as the sign of abdominal rigidity. Choice D is incorrect as the drainage of greenish fluid from a nasogastric tube in a client with a small bowel obstruction, while concerning, does not present as immediate a threat as the abdominal rigidity in a client with a volvulus.
2. Which statement specifically describes occupational health nursing?
- A. Involves prevention, recognition, and treatment of injury and illness
- B. All of these
- C. The application of nursing principles in conserving the health of workers in all occupations
- D. Requires special skills in the field of health, education, and counseling
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Occupational health nursing involves all aspects mentioned in the statements: prevention, recognition, treatment of injury and illness, application of nursing principles in conserving workers' health, and the requirement of special skills in health, education, and counseling. Choice A focuses on prevention, recognition, and treatment but does not encompass all aspects of occupational health nursing. Choice C only mentions the application of nursing principles without including prevention and treatment. Choice D specifically highlights the need for special skills but does not cover all the aspects of occupational health nursing.
3. What is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection in children?
- A. Fever
- B. Weight loss
- C. Abdominal pain
- D. Increased appetite
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Fever is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection in children. It is often accompanied by other symptoms such as pain or discomfort. Weight loss (choice B) is not a typical symptom of a urinary tract infection in children. Abdominal pain (choice C) can be present but is not as specific as fever. Increased appetite (choice D) is not a common symptom of a urinary tract infection.
4. What immediate action should a healthcare worker take after being stuck in the hand by an exposed needle?
- A. Look up the policy on needle sticks
- B. Contact employee health services
- C. Immediately wash the hands thoroughly with soap and water
- D. Notify the supervisor and risk management
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct immediate action for a healthcare worker who has been stuck by an exposed needle is to wash the hands thoroughly with soap and water to reduce the risk of infection. This helps to remove any potential pathogens introduced by the needle stick. Looking up the policy on needle sticks (Choice A) is important but not the immediate action required. Contacting employee health services (Choice B) and notifying the supervisor and risk management (Choice D) are crucial steps to take, but they should follow the initial step of washing the hands to mitigate the risk of infection.
5. A child with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is being discharged from the hospital. What is important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Monitor blood glucose levels daily
- B. Administer insulin based on blood glucose levels
- C. Recognize signs of hypoglycemia
- D. Follow a structured meal plan
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Following a structured meal plan is essential for managing diabetes mellitus. It helps regulate blood glucose levels and ensures proper nutrition. Monitoring blood glucose levels daily is important, not just once a day, to maintain control. Administering insulin based on blood glucose levels is crucial but should be done as per the healthcare provider's instructions, not only when blood glucose is high. Recognizing signs of hypoglycemia is important, but it is equally vital to prevent hypoglycemia by adhering to a consistent meal plan and insulin regimen.