Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare provider is discussing the care of an infant with colic with the parents. What should the healthcare provider explain is the cause of colicky behavior?

• A. Inadequate peristalsis
• B. Paroxysmal abdominal pain
• C. An allergic response to certain proteins in milk
• D. A protective mechanism designed to eliminate foreign proteins

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Colicky behavior in infants is primarily characterized by paroxysmal abdominal pain, resulting in excessive crying and fussiness. The pain episodes are often unpredictable and can be distressing for both the infant and the parents. Inadequate peristalsis (Choice A) refers to weak or ineffective bowel movements and is not the typical cause of colic. While some infants may experience colic due to an allergic response to certain proteins in milk (Choice C), this is not the primary cause of colic behavior in all infants. Choice D, a protective mechanism designed to eliminate foreign proteins, is not a recognized cause of colic. Therefore, the correct explanation for the cause of colicky behavior in infants is paroxysmal abdominal pain.

2. What finding would lead healthcare providers to suspect Turner syndrome in a child?

• A. Webbed neck
• B. Microcephaly
• C. Gynecomastia
• D. Cognitive delay

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A webbed neck is a classic physical characteristic seen in individuals with Turner syndrome, a genetic condition that results from a missing or partially missing X chromosome in females. This distinctive feature occurs due to excess skin on the neck and is a key clinical clue for healthcare providers. Microcephaly (choice B) refers to a small head size and is not typically associated with Turner syndrome. Gynecomastia (choice C) is the enlargement of breast tissue in males and is not a common finding in Turner syndrome. Cognitive delay (choice D) involves intellectual or developmental delays and is not a specific feature of Turner syndrome.

3. A 2-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. What is the primary goal of therapy during the acute phase?

• A. Preventing coronary artery aneurysms
• B. Reducing fever
• C. Improving cardiac function
• D. Preventing dehydration

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary goal of therapy during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease is to prevent coronary artery aneurysms. Kawasaki disease is characterized by systemic vasculitis and the most serious complication is the development of coronary artery aneurysms. While reducing fever and improving cardiac function are important aspects of managing Kawasaki disease, the primary focus in the acute phase is to prevent the development of coronary artery aneurysms. Preventing dehydration is also essential but not the primary goal in managing Kawasaki disease.

4. What is the priority intervention for a child with acute laryngotracheobronchitis upon admission?

• A. Pad the side rails of the crib.
• B. Arrange for a quiet, cool room.
• C. Place a tracheotomy set at the bedside.
• D. Obtain a recliner for a parent to stay.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct priority intervention for a child with acute laryngotracheobronchitis is to place a tracheotomy set at the bedside. Acute laryngotracheobronchitis can lead to airway obstruction, making it essential to have the equipment readily available in case of emergency. Padding the side rails, arranging for a quiet room, or obtaining a recliner for a parent are not the immediate priorities in managing a child with this condition.

5. A nurse plans to talk to the parents of a toddler about toilet training. What should the nurse explain is the most important factor in the process of toilet training?

• A. Parents’ attitude towards it
• B. Child’s motivation to remain dry
• C. Child’s ability to sit independently on the toilet
• D. Parents’ commitment to work on the toilet training

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The most crucial factor in successful toilet training is the parents' commitment to consistently work with their child. While parents' attitude and willingness are important, the key is their dedication to the process. The child's motivation and ability are also significant but rely heavily on parental guidance and support. Therefore, the correct choice is the parents' commitment to work on toilet training.

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