Nursing Elites

1. The healthcare provider closely monitors the temperature of a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. The purpose of this assessment is to detect an early sign of which possible complication?

• A. infection
• B. hypertension
• C. encephalopathy
• D. edema

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Monitoring the temperature of a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome is crucial for detecting early signs of infection, a common complication in this condition. In nephrotic syndrome, the child's immune system is compromised, making them more susceptible to infections. Monitoring for fever or any changes in temperature can help healthcare providers intervene promptly to prevent further complications. Hypertension (choice B) is not typically associated with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Encephalopathy (choice C) refers to brain dysfunction and is not a common complication of nephrotic syndrome. Edema (choice D) is a primary manifestation of nephrotic syndrome but is not typically monitored through temperature assessment.

2. A healthcare professional plans to discuss childhood nutrition with a group of parents whose children have Down syndrome in an attempt to minimize a common nutritional problem. What problem should be addressed?

• A. Rickets
• B. Obesity
• C. Anemia
• D. Rumination

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Childhood obesity is a prevalent issue in children with Down syndrome due to factors such as decreased physical activity, slower metabolism, and potential overeating tendencies. Addressing obesity is crucial to promoting healthy lifestyles and preventing associated health complications. Rickets, a condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, is not commonly associated with Down syndrome. While anemia can occur in individuals with Down syndrome, obesity is a more common concern. Rumination, the regurgitation of food without nausea, is not a typical nutritional problem in children with Down syndrome.

3. A child with diabetes insipidus is being treated with vasopressin. The nurse would assess the child closely for signs and symptoms of which condition?

• A. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
• B. Thyroid storm
• C. Cushing syndrome
• D. Vitamin D toxicity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Vasopressin is a medication used to treat diabetes insipidus by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. However, an excessive dose of vasopressin can lead to water retention, causing SIADH, which is characterized by dilutional hyponatremia. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Thyroid storm is a severe form of hyperthyroidism characterized by increased metabolism and can lead to life-threatening complications. Cushing syndrome results from excess cortisol production and is characterized by weight gain, hypertension, and other features. Vitamin D toxicity occurs due to an overdose of vitamin D, leading to hypercalcemia and symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and weakness.

4. A healthcare provider is assessing a child with suspected pneumonia. What clinical manifestation is the provider likely to observe?

• A. Cough
• B. Diarrhea
• C. Rash
• D. Vomiting

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A cough is a common clinical manifestation of pneumonia. Pneumonia often presents with symptoms such as cough, fever, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. The inflammation and infection in the lungs lead to the characteristic cough observed in patients with pneumonia. Diarrhea, rash, and vomiting are not typically associated with pneumonia and are less likely to be observed in a child with this condition.

5. When assessing a child with suspected nephrotic syndrome, what clinical manifestation is the nurse likely to observe?

• A. Jaundice
• B. Edema
• C. Hypertension
• D. Polyuria

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Edema is a hallmark clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome. In nephrotic syndrome, there is increased glomerular permeability leading to the loss of proteins, particularly albumin, in the urine. This results in decreased oncotic pressure, leading to fluid shifting into the interstitial spaces and causing edema. Jaundice (Choice A) is not a typical clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome. Hypertension (Choice C) is more commonly associated with conditions like glomerulonephritis. Polyuria (Choice D) is not a primary symptom of nephrotic syndrome; instead, patients may have reduced urine output due to fluid retention from edema.

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