HESI LPN
Pharmacology HESI 2023 Quizlet
1. A client with hypertension is prescribed metoprolol. The healthcare provider should monitor the client for which potential side effect?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Hyponatremia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that works by slowing the heart rate and reducing blood pressure. One of the potential side effects of metoprolol is bradycardia, which is a slow heart rate. Monitoring for bradycardia is crucial as it can be an adverse effect of this medication.
2. What is an important aspect of managing a child with chronic kidney disease?
- A. Monitoring electrolyte levels
- B. Increasing protein intake
- C. Limiting fluid intake
- D. Encouraging a high-fat diet
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial in managing chronic kidney disease in children because imbalances can lead to serious complications. Electrolyte levels must be carefully monitored to prevent issues such as electrolyte abnormalities, which can further impact kidney function and overall health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because increasing protein intake, limiting fluid intake, and encouraging a high-fat diet can exacerbate kidney disease in children by putting extra strain on their kidneys or causing other health problems.
3. After a motor vehicle collision, a client is admitted to the medical unit with acute adrenal insufficiency (Addisonian crisis). Which prescription should the nurse implement?
- A. Determine serum glucose levels
- B. Withhold potassium additives to IV fluids
- C. Give IV corticosteroid replacement
- D. Prepare to initiate IV vasopressors
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In a client with acute adrenal insufficiency (Addisonian crisis) following a motor vehicle collision, the priority intervention is to administer IV corticosteroid replacement. This is crucial to manage the crisis by replacing the deficient cortisol. Determining serum glucose levels (Choice A) may be important but is not the immediate priority in this situation. Withholding potassium additives to IV fluids (Choice B) is not indicated and may exacerbate electrolyte imbalances. Initiating IV vasopressors (Choice D) is not the primary treatment for acute adrenal insufficiency and should be reserved for managing hypotension that is unresponsive to corticosteroid therapy.
4. A child with a diagnosis of celiac disease is being discharged. What dietary instructions should the nurse provide?
- A. Avoid dairy products
- B. Avoid gluten
- C. Avoid high-fat foods
- D. Avoid foods high in sugar
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Avoid gluten.' Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. By avoiding gluten-containing foods, individuals with celiac disease can prevent damage to their small intestine and manage their symptoms effectively. Choice A, 'Avoid dairy products,' is incorrect as dairy is not directly related to celiac disease. Choice C, 'Avoid high-fat foods,' and Choice D, 'Avoid foods high in sugar,' are incorrect as they are not primary dietary concerns in managing celiac disease. The main focus should be on eliminating gluten sources from the diet.
5. Which of the following statements about nutrition is true?
- A. Nutrition is the only factor that influences health.
- B. Nutrient needs are the same for everyone.
- C. Certain nutrients are more important than others.
- D. Nutrient recommendations are designed to meet the needs of most healthy people.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Nutrient recommendations are designed to meet the needs of most healthy people, providing guidelines for a balanced diet. Choice A is incorrect because while nutrition plays a crucial role in health, it is not the only factor influencing it. Choice B is incorrect as nutrient needs vary based on factors like age, gender, activity level, and health status. Choice C is incorrect because all nutrients are essential for different bodily functions, and none can be deemed universally more important than others.